Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is endemic in the northwest and south of Iran. An appropriate vaccine can help to prevent and control visceral leishmaniasis in both humans and animals. Few studies have confirmed that the fucose-mannose ligand (FML) antigen of Leishmania donovani produced protective immunity in dogs against CVL. Objective: To evaluat...

a study has been carried out for determining of cross-immunity between massachusetts (mass) m41 and iranian ir/773/2001 (793/b) strains of infectious bronchitis virus. two groups of 20 three weeks old spf chickens vaccinated subcutaneously with two oil-emulsions inactivated infectious bronchitis vaccines (mass m41 and iranian ir/773/2001 strains) that had been manufactured in razi institute in ...

Objective: To compare the outcomes in term of hospital stay and mortality between vaccinated nonvaccinated covid-19 patients. Study Design: Prospective/Observational Place Duration: The study was conducted at Medicine department Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi Pak International Medical College Hayatabad Peshawar for six months duration from December 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: One hundr...

In order to design a new Salmonella enterica vaccine, one needs to understand how naive and immune chickens interact differently when exposed to S. enterica. In this study we therefore determined the immune response of vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens after intravenous infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). Using flow cytometry we showed that 4 days post ...

5. Davis RL, Waller PL, Mueller BA, Dykewicz CA, Schonberger LB. Kawasaki syndrome in Washington State: Race-specific incidence rates and residential proximity to water. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149: 66-69. fever prior to referral were 8 and 6.5 days respectively in the two time frames. Unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy was seen in 92%; nonpurulent conjunctivitis and skin rash in 88%; o...

OBJECTIVE The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has increasingly been suspected of adverse effects in Denmark since 2013. By using consultations with the general practitioner (GP) as an indicator for morbidity, this study aims to examine the association between HPV vaccination and morbidity in girls in the Danish childhood immunization program. METHODS The study is a nationwide register-base...

Background: The vaccination status of HCWs working in Pakistani hospitals against the hepatitis B virus is poorly known. This study aims to assess the vaccination status of hepatitis B among HCWs in Allied Hospital of Faisalabad. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018. Two groups of HCWs were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of doctors...

Collection of samples and serum separation From Faisalabad, a total of 1053 children under 10 years of age were surveyed from September, 2013 to May, 2014 about vaccination and disease history of measles. Out of these, 182 blood samples (132 from vaccinated and 50 from non-vaccinated individuals) were collected randomly. Similarly during the same period, from Jhang, 813 children under 10 years ...

Results Period A: From April 2009 till March 2012 Period B: From April 2012 till September 2012 The medical expenses for pneumonia of the vaccinated group (n=13689) and the non-vaccinated (n=126110) group are compared using the medical practitioners’ receipt for health insurance claim. The medical examination rates in Period A were 0.403 per year in the vaccinated and 0.227 per year in the non-...

Rabbits were vaccinated with the following Campylobacter fetus var. venerealis (Vibrio fetus) antigens: whole-cell (WC), autoclaved (A), boiled (B), and purified postgrowth broth (PGB). Bactericidal activity of freshly drawn heparinized blood against the organism was determined after each vaccination. In all cases bactericidal activity of the blood of vaccinated rabbits was higher than for nonv...