Background: Hypothyroidism, a preventable cause of mental retardation, is one of the most common diseases of the endocrine gland in children. The disorder can be corrected if it is identified and treated within the first few days of birth. In Iran, hypothyroidism is estimated to affect one out of 400 to 900 neonates, which is much higher than the global average. Objectives: This article is cond...

Electric utilities and regulators face difficult challenges evaluating new energy efficiency and smart grid programs prompted, in large part, by recent state and federal mandates and financial incentives. It is increasingly difficult to separate electricity use impacts of individual utility programs from the impacts of increasingly stringent appliance and building efficiency standards, increasi...

A novel programming language construct, restrictions, provides a mechanism to document abstract invariants of program variables and also may simplify program correctness proofs of the use of components. Examples illustrating the use and utility of restrictions are presented.

W consider the problem of maximizing an expected utility function of n assets, such as the mean-variance or power-utility function. Associated with a change in an asset’s holdings from its current or target value is a transaction cost. This cost must be accounted for in practical problems. A straightforward way of doing so results in a 3n-dimensional optimization problem with 3n additional cons...

Abstract Resource adequacy (RA) is the ability of an electricity system to reliably satisfy loads using its available resources. Assessing and maintaining RA becoming more challenging due increasing coal plant retirements, penetration wind solar resources, reliance on bilateral market transactions, emerging technologies. evaluation planning have traditionally been conducted by utilities oversee...