Why was growth so slow during the British Industrial Revolution? More than a decade ago, Jeff Williamson proposed "crowding-out" as a result of Britain's numerous wars as a key mechanism, but little empirical evidence existed to support it. We argue that examinations of interest rates are fundamentally misguided. The eighteenthand early nineteenth-century private loan market balanced through qu...

The purpose of this study is to find a picture stable financial system from the perspective Islamic economy. This type research literature with qualitative methods using normative, historical, and phenomenological approaches. normative approach used explain concepts economics. historical chronology use current system. explains contemporary events related topic. data taken wide variety literatur...

The Islamic Banks can do the business without being involved in forward swaps of exchange dealings. When we move to borrowing and lending activities, matters become different. Any extra repayment rather than original principle any lending-borrowing relation is considered be usury. Usury Islam isconsidered one big sins. In Islam, there no difference between usury as an excessive interest or so-c...

interest free banking law at 1363 was implemented in the banking system in iran. one of the main goals of this law was eliminating usury from monetary system, and utilization from non-usury credit impact on economic growth through preferring money contribution in the capital. this paper uses data from years 1363 to 1386 and implementing herfindahl-hirschman index, evaluated and ranked concentra...

This paper attempts to examine the securitization, negotiability and profitability aspects of three types of muèŒrabah instruments; namely, asset-enfaced muèŒrabah instruments, currency-enfaced muèŒrabah instruments representing monetary contributions and currency-enfaced muèŒrabah instruments representing real assets. This paper begins with a distinction between ribŒ (usury) and profit and con...

the rule of ideologies which ban interest or usury which is earned through lending money has led to developing economic systems that differ from conventional economic systems in which ,interest has been entered. the presence of systems not relying on interest, in turn, has questioned the necessary motives in capital establishments through savings. in this paper, while defining the concepts of m...

the newly established system of islamic economy in iran, specifically the non-usury banking system is in need of appropriate conditions to attain its goals. the special economic conditions of iran (stagflation conditions) after the islamic revolution which was rooted in weak pre-revolutionary situation made non-usury banking system encounter problems and people have great doubt about the semi-u...

1 ©Meir Kohn 2014 9. FINANCING COMMERCE, PRODUCTION, AND GOVERNMENT All economic activity requires investment. We have seen that this is true in commerce and production, and we will see that it is no less true in predation and government. The necessary investment must be financed either by those undertaking the activity or by others. We will begin by examining the need for financing of the diff...