Enterococci concentration variability at Escambron Beach, San Juan, Puerto Rico, was examined in the context of environmental conditions observed during 2005-2015. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST), turbidity, direct normal irradiance, and dew point were combined with local precipitation, winds, and mean sea level (MSL) observations in a stepwise multiple regression analyses (Akai...

Sea level monitoring in the Arctic region has always been an extreme challenge for remote sensing, and in particular for satellite altimetry. Despite more than two decades of observations, altimetry is still limited in the inner Arctic Ocean. We have developed an updated version of the Danish Technical University’s (DTU) Arctic Ocean altimetric sea level timeseries starting in 1993 and now exte...

The radiometer wet tropospheric correction is a limiting factor of the application of near-coastal altimetry observations in the North Sea – Baltic Sea area. Using an ECMWF model based correction instead, we increase the return rate from 70% to 95%, with observations as close as 10 km from the coast. The altimetry and 39 coastal tide gauges are referenced to the same state of the art regional g...

This letter presents analysis of frozen sea surface properties using low cost and complexity terrestrial Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. Monitoring ice thickness the mean level (MSL) are performed interference frequency obtained by GNSS pattern (IP) technique. The height variations between antenna evaluated IP direct reflected carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) is used...

Near-global and continuous measurements from satellite altimetry have provided accurate estimates of global mean sea level in the past two decades. Extending these estimates further into the past is a challenge using the historical tide gauge records. Not only is sampling nonuniform in both space and time, but tide gauges are also affected by vertical land motion (VLM) that creates a relative s...

Atmospheric delay corrections for satellite altimetry measurements are essential deriving highly accurate sea surface heights and reliable global mean level (GMSL) trend estimates. A commonly used method to correct ionospheric path delays the usage of GNSS-based Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM). The different orbit GNSS altimeter satellites require an adaption GIM account free electrons in Earth p...

Snow on Antarctic sea ice plays a key role for sea ice physical processes and complicates retrieval of sea ice thickness using altimetry. Current methods of snow depth retrieval are based on satellite microwave radiometry, which perform best for dry, homogeneous snow packs on level sea ice. We introduce an alternative approach based on in-situ measurements of total (sea ice plus snow) freeboard...

Two remote sensing methods, satellite altimetry and 4D-Var assimilation of satellite imagery, are used to compute surface velocity fields in the Black Sea region. Surface currents derived from the two methods are compared for several cases with intense mesoscale and large-scale dynamics during low wind conditions. Comparison shows that the obtained results coincide well quantitatively and quali...