Tobacco consists of at least 3,800 chemical constituents. Among them, rutin is an important polyphenolic secondary metabolite in tobacco, which has positive actions such as antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and vasoactive, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-protozoal properties. A high performance liquid chromatography method was used to analyze rutin in tobacco and filters, mainstream ...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of tobacco use, both cigarette smoking and smokeless, including iqmik (homemade smokeless tobacco prepared with dried tobacco leaves mixed with alkaline ash), and of tobacco-related cancer is high in Alaskan Native people (AN). To investigate possible mechanisms of increased cancer risk we studied levels of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in tobacco p...

An NREL-designed vortex reactor fast pyrolysis process development unit (PDU) has been used to investigate hot gas filtration of biomass pyrolysis vapors. Most of the experimental work employed a conventional baghouse type of filter that used NEXTELTM ceramic cloth filter bags as the filter medium. A series of experimental runs demonstrated that hot gas filtered biocrude oils having less than 1...

UNLABELLED Reactive oxygenated species (ROS) not only exist in living organisms, they also exist in our environment. Combustion process and photochemical reactions are the major source of environmental ROS, and combustion process produced ROS has been gradually gaining attention in recent years. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of ROS in the mainstream smoke of cigar...

Exposure to televised music videos and pro wrestling were associated with rape acceptance (lower levels of agreeing with the statement "forcing a partner to have sex is never OK") among males, but not females, in a sample of 904 middle school students (controlling for overall television exposure, parenting style, and demographics).

The current study used remote corneal reflection eye-tracking to examine the relationship between motor experience and action anticipation in 13-months-old infants. To measure online anticipation of actions infants watched videos where the actor's hand provided kinematic information (in its orientation) about the type of object that the actor was going to reach for. The actor's hand orientation...

Exposure to idealized media portrayals of women induces appearance dissatisfaction in females, in the short term. Interventions that highlight the artificial nature of media portrayals can mitigate this effect. The present research investigated whether a 75 second television commercial, that demonstrates behind-the-scenes techniques used to artificially enhance media models, could be similarly ...

Little is known about infants' perception of cross-modal cues to identity, but the importance of recognizing familiar individuals makes it likely that this skill would be evident early in life. Infants 6-8 months of age were tested on their ability to link dynamic cross-modal cues to the identity of unfamiliar speakers and singers. After exposure to speech or singing, infants watched two silent...

OBJECTIVE To inspect cigarettes with a triple granular filter for charcoal granules on the cut filter surface and, if present, to determine whether the charcoal granules on the filter are released during smoking. DESIGN 400 Lark cigarettes in 20 packs were examined individually by each of three investigators for the presence of charcoal granules on the cut surface of the cellulose acetate fil...

Inhaling habits were studied in 1316 men who freely smoked their usual brands of cigarette. An index of inhaling was calculated for each person by dividing the estimated increase in carboxyhaemoglobin level from a standard number of cigarettes by the carbon monoxide yield of the cigarette smoked. Smokers of ventilated filter cigarettes inhaled 82% more than smokers of plain cigarettes (p less t...