Web usage mining is to discover useful patterns in the web usage data, and the patterns provide useful information about the user’s browsing behavior. This chapter examines different types of web usage traversal patterns and the related techniques used to uncover them, including Association Rules, Sequential Patterns, Frequent Episodes, Maximal Frequent Forward Sequences, and Maximal Frequent S...

BACKGROUND SPANX (sperm protein coupled with the nucleus in the X chromosome) genes play a crucial role in human spermatogenesis. Codon usage bias (CUB) is a well-known phenomenon that exists in many genomes and mainly determined by mutation and selection. CUB is species specific and a unique characteristic of a genome. Analysis of compositional features and codon usage pattern of SPANX genes i...

Gradually the pattern of use of antihypertensive drug agents has changed, from prime use of diuretics and beta-blockers, to preference for the inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and the calcium channel blockers. In assessing the value of potentially conflicting evidence, attention should be paid to the hierarchy of evidence, which works its way up through 10 steps from isolated case rep...

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a systemic illness in children and is usually caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71). To provide new insights into the genetic features of EV71 and the relationship between the overall codon usage pattern of this virus and that of humans, values for relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), effective number of codons (ENC), codon adaptation index (CAI), and nucleo...

background: little knowledge of synonymous codon usage pattern of pseudorabies virus (prv) genome, especially the ul31 gene in the process for its evolution is available. objectives: in the present study, the codon usage bias between prv ul31 sequence and the ul31-like sequences was identified. materials and methods: we used a comprehensive analysis on codon usage pattern in the prv ul31 gene a...

Background: Little knowledge of synonymous codon usage pattern of pseudorabies virus (PRV) genome, especially the UL31 gene in the process for its evolution is available. Objectives: In the present study, the codon usage bias between PRV UL31 sequence and the UL31-like sequences was identified. Materials and Methods: We used a comprehensive analysi...