The potentiometric response properties of ammonium-, carbonate-, and proton-selective electrodes prepared by incorporating appropriate neutral carriers within novel asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes are reported. The membranes are formed by first casting a thin layer of cellulose triacetate without carrier, hydrolyzing one side of this film with base, and then on the other side casting a s...

The immobilization of enzymes onto porous supports is a common strategy for obtaining improved stability, fast product separation, enzyme reusability, and, ultimately, lower operating costs. Therefore, the development new with specific surface functionalities that enable covalent attachment significant interest. Herein, stable three-dimensional (3D) materials were synthesized from polypyrrole b...

This study aims to characterize the tungsten-urea analyte indicator electrode. The method used is biosensor potentiometry with urease enzyme immobilization technique. electrode was coated PVA-enzyme glutaraldehyde (GA) 2.9% PVC-KTpClPB- o-NPOE variation of 61% and 66%. Characterization electrodes using SEM-EDS, FTIR XRD analysis. A1-4 sample 1x 1x, 61%. A3-4 3x Likewise, reasoning samples 66% T...

A conductometric urea biosensor based on sol–gel-immobilized urease on a screen-printed inter-digitated array (IDA) electrode has been developed. The screen-printed thick-film IDA electrode has proven to be an excellent conductometric transducer in which the admittance signal was dominated by the conductance signal and the resulting dynamic range was wide enough to be employed for the construct...

New TiO2-based hybrid materials composed of an organic polymer, cellulose acetate butyrate and copolymer of acrylonitrile acrylamide (AN + AA) were prepared. The effectiveness of immobilization of microbial strain Arthrobacter oxydans 1388 on the newly synthesized hybrid membranes was investigated by biochemical methods. The obtained results revealed that the matrix more suitable for biofilm fo...

A new silica-gel nanospheres (SiO2NPs) composition was formulated, followed by biochemical surface functionalization to examine its potential in urea biosensor development. The SiO2NPs were basically synthesized based on sol-gel chemistry using a modified Stober method. The SiO2NPs surfaces were modified with amine (-NH2) functional groups for urease immobilization in the presence of glutaric a...

An enzyme immobilization technique has been developed to determine the concentration of biological compounds. This technique has been applied to penicillinase and urease, which are crosslinked as very fine films directly onto the sensitive ends of pH glass electrodes, thereby dispensing with the need of an on-line enzyme reactor. The biosensor is incorporated in an FIA system within a magnetica...

Immobilization of enzymes is an effective method for improving the properties and applications modern enzymes. There are several supports enzyme immobilization. Because its unique features, such as inertness high surface area, chitosan was widely used to immobilize urease onto a promising approach treating urea levels in blood, however, immobilization conditions best kinetics efficiency still c...