OBJECTIVE Digital technologies offer new platforms for health promotion and disease management. Few studies have evaluated the use of digital technology among families receiving care in an urban pediatric primary care setting. METHODS A self-administered survey was given to a convenience sample of caregivers bringing their children to 2 urban pediatric primary care centers in spring 2012. The...

nowadays, with population growth in urban areas, providing safe water and health is considered basic needs of human, alongside the various pollutants due to urban activities, agriculture and industrial areas on adjacent ranges into urban water resources around the environment is such that study necessary to prevent the pollution of water resources and identification of pollution sources shows. ...

Cities are at the centre of Asia-Pacific’s economic growth and development. They provide the environment and social milieu in which more and more people live. Urban areas in the region, though containing around 42 percent of its population, account for 80 percent of the region’s GDP1. Urbanization in Asia and the Pacific is proceeding at a scale and speed unprecedented in human history. It took...

Every human activity creates waste (Tciiobanoglous et al., 1993). India is the second most populous nation in the world; the uncontrolled growth of urban areas has led to deficiency in infrastructural services such as: water supply, sewage and municipal solid waste management (MSWM). The burgeoning population has resulted in a massive pressure on the health-care services, leading to huge amount...

Research limited to large urban areas leaves out as much of the U.S. population as it captures. According to the 1990 census (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1992), only 49 percent of the U.S. population lives in urbanized areas of 500,000 or more, 25 percent lives in fully rural settings (i.e., places with populations of no more than 2,500), and another 12 percent lives in towns or cities of fewe...

The ecodesign of urban environments at different spatial scales6 is an emerging topic fostered by the research on ecodesign and urban sustainability. Urban areas and environments are expanding worldwide. Statistics of urban population share reach figures of 70% in Europe, America and Oceania and 50% globally1. This ever-increasing urban population is likely to grow even more2. With this unprece...

this article presents a comparative study of marginalization in the cities of sabzevar, neishabour, torbat heidariye and gonaabaad. it also presents the history of marginalization and marginal settlement in the world, related theories and models. the article also talks about the international experiences about marginalization and marginal settlement. the writers of the article have first identi...

The paper aims to examine the population ageing as a new phenomenon effecting rural areas in Iran. Population ageing is going up throughout the country especially in the rural areas by 6.8 percent. fertility decline, increase in the youth migration to cities, and coming back to rural areas after retiring are the major factors which involve in rural ageing. This may jeopardize the communities. f...

The numbers are self-explanatory. In 1800, only three percent of the world’s population lived in cities. 2007 was a milestone in human history: for the first time ever, more people on earth lived and worked in cities than in rural areas. The UN estimates that the proportion of city-dwellers will climb to 61 percent by 2030, pushing up urban population from three billion today to a total of five...