There is currently intensive debate in Alberta, Canada, regarding rural to urban water reallocation. This paper explores the demographic and attitudinal influences that are associated with the acceptance of water reallocation policies and whether such acceptance differs between urban and rural residents. We investigate three policy orientations in regards to water policies: i) government interv...

Hızlı kentleşme başta olmak üzere yaşanan sosyoekonomik ve politik olgular sonucu kentsel alanlarda tecrübe edilen doğal afetler, iklim koşullarındaki düzensizlikler, salgın hastalıklar, terör olayları, finansal sıkıntılar gibi risk tehditlere karşı gerekli tedbirlerin benimsenmesi uyum sağlanması bir tercih olmaktan ziyade zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu durum akademik çalışmalar uluslararası ...

BACKGROUND Although a number of environmental and policy interventions to promote physical activity are being widely used, there is sparse systematic information on the most effective approaches to guide population-wide interventions. METHODS We reviewed studies that addressed the following environmental and policy strategies to promote physical activity: community-scale urban design and land...

Cities can make a difference resolving the above three critical issues. Urban policies are essential in order to counteract the negative effects of climate change. These policies include land use, transportation, waste management, construction methods, and many other aspects of the current environmental challenge. Similarly, overcoming of poverty, unemployment, and social exclusion, along with ...

This research examines government policies and urban transformation in China through a study of Hangzhou City, which is undergoing dramatic growth and restructuring. As the southern center of the Yangtze River Delta, an emerging global city region of China, Hangzhou has been restlessly searching for strategies to promote economic growth and survive the competition with Shanghai. This paper anal...

Nowadays, an area-based approach seems to be common for urban policies in Western Europe. Policies are directed towards spatially defined areas in order to be more efficient in solving problems in cities. Yet, besides solving problems in the targeted area, an area-based approach has an in-built danger: it might lead to a displacement of problems. This so-called spatial knock-on effect is an eff...

We use three conventional inequality indices—the Gini, the coefficient of variation of income, and the relative mean deviation of income—and the Atkinson index to examine the effect of income tax rates, the minimum wage, and all the major government welfare and transfer programs on the evolution of income inequality for rural and urban areas by state from 1981-1997. We find that these programs ...

Urban development is a complex process influenced by a number of driving forces, including spatial planning, topography and urban economics. Identifying these drivers is crucial for the regulation of urban development and the calibration of predictive models. Existing land-use models generally consider urban development as a binary process, through the identification of built versus non-built a...

maldistribution of health professionals between urban and rural areas has been a serious problem in china. urban hospitals attract most of the health professionals with serious shortages in rural areas. to address this issue, a number of policies have been implemented by the government, such as free medical education in exchange for obligatory rural service.