economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in iran. limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...

Understanding the urban growth system is a prerequisite for modelling and forecasting future trends of urban land use/cover change and its ecological impacts. As urban growth involves various actors with different patterns of behaviour, we argue that scientific understanding must be based on elaborated complexity theory and a multidisciplinary framework. The theoretical analysis can provide a g...

objective: in addition to issues such as environment, transportation, safely and urban planning, one of the most important factors  having increasingly influence on urban organizing factors is urban management. methods: there are so many issues in cities that for its solving, urban management factor is necessary. complexity and  extensiveness of urban issue and its  development and growth, led ...

Habitat complexity is a major determinant of structure and diversity of ant assemblages. Following the size-grain hypothesis, smaller ant species are likely to be advantaged in more complex habitats compared to larger species. Habitat complexity can act as an environmental filter based on species size and morphological traits, therefore affecting the overall structure and diversity of ant assem...

Abstract Cities are microcosms representing a diversity of human experience. The complexity urban systems arises from this diversity, where the services that cities offer to their inhabitants have be tailored for unique requirements. This paper studies environments in terms assimilation its communities. We examine with respect foreignness between communities and formalize level using informatio...