arthrogriposis is a disorder in which two or more joints in more than one limb of body, place in a stable position and malformation status that usually is the result of joints' immobilization during fetal period. problems resulting from this congenital deficit can occur in difference places, in upper and lower limbs, trunk, and even in face. it occurs in 3 of 1000 births, in two-third of t...

Background. Knowledge of anatomical variations of posterior cord and its branches is important not only for the administration of anaesthetic blocks but also for surgical approaches to the neck, axilla, and upper arm. The present study aimed to record the prevalence of such variations with embryological explanation and clinical implication. Material and Method. 37 formalin-preserved cadavers, t...

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of six weeks of Pilates exercises on upper and lower extremities function in middle-aged females with lower crossed syndrome. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest- post-test design. The participants were 30 females with lower crossed syndrome from Tiam Sport Club. They were selected using purposeful sampl...

Miyaguchi, K and Demura, S. Gender difference in ability using the stretch-shortening cycle in the upper extremities. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 231–236, 2009—A gender difference in ability using the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC ability) in the upper extremities has not been studied in detail. This study aimed to devise an index to evaluate SSC ability during powerful elbow flexion and to exam...

From 1979 to 1995 in our clinic, vascularized bone grafting was performed in 29 patients with large bone defects, established nonunion, congenital pseudoarthrosis, or avascular necrosis in the upper extremity. Four patients had traumatic bone defects, six had posttraumatic nonunions, two had congenital pseudoarthroses, five had amputations, nine had defects following tumor resection, and three ...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) activity of muscles in curl-up exercises depending on the position of the upper and lower extremities. From the perspective of biomechanics, different positions of the extremities result in shifting the center of gravity and changing muscular loads in abdominal strength exercises. The subjects of the research were 3 healthy st...

The purpose this study was to investigate the effect of action observation physical training (AOPT) on the functioning of the upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy (CP), using an evaluation framework based on that of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The subjects were divided into an AOPT group and a physical training (PT) group. AOPT grou...

The purpose of this study was to examine reaction forces transmitted to the upper extremities of high-level gymnasts during the round-off phase of the Yurchenko vault. A secondary purpose of this study was to compare reaction forces during the Yurchenko vault to reaction forces observed in a tumbling pass during the floor exercise. Ten high-level, female gymnasts volunteered to participate. Con...