The use of classroom assessment is strongly supported to promote student learning. However, assessment for promoting learning is not yet widely used. On the contrary, summative assessments are emphasized and teachers continue to use classroom assessments primarily for grading students. Teachers' attitude and beliefs about students provide foundation for their philosophy of teaching. Teachers en...

As indicated by previous research, aging is associated with a decline in working memory (WM) functioning, related to alterations in fronto-parietal neural activations. At the same time, previous studies showed that WM training in older adults may improve the performance in the trained task (training effect), and more importantly, also in untrained WM tasks (transfer effects). However, neural co...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an acute bout of exhaustive resistance exercise on the expression of myogenesis modulators (myostatin (mstn) and myod) in male trained and untrained wistar rats’ fast and slow muscles. thirty rats were assigned to three groups: control (n=6), untrained (n=12) and trained (n=12). resistance exercise (weight lifting up a vertical ladder) was...

Musically untrained participants in five age groups (5-, 6-, 8-, and 11-year-olds, and adults) heard sequences of three 1 s piano tones in which the first and third tones were identical (A5, or 880 Hz) but the middle tone was displaced upward or downward in pitch. Their task was to identify whether the middle tone was higher or lower than the other two tones. In experiment 1, 5-year-olds succes...

The magnitude of hearing loss in Pakistan is enormous. One in twelve children of Pakistan suffers from some form of hearing impairment. Many of them are unable to afford surgical procedures and resort to the use of cheap hearing aids fitted by untrained individuals or people lacking the required expertise. This predisposes the patients to significant complications during a process that is other...

aim: aim of present study was to review the effect of eight weeks aerobic training on visfatin total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein of middle age females. materials and methods: for these purpose 30 females (mean age 48/73±9/44 y, height 156/03±5/6 cm and weight 68/37±10/57 kg) who attend in odd day’s morning sport class of hejab gymnasium of shiraz city after fill health and informed...