This article analyzes China's pension arrangement and notes that China has recently established a universal non-contributory pension plan covering urban non-employed workers and all rural residents, combined with the pension plan covering urban employees already in place. Further, in the latest reform, China has discontinued the special pension plan for civil servants and integrated this privil...

Abstract We present a new notion of mereological sum that is inequivalent to extant ones in the literature and does not fall prey reasonable complaints can be raised against some such notions. In light this notion, we then revisit relation between universalism extensionalism. particular argue Varzi’s claim point entails extensionalism justified only insofar as one sticks sum. effect, distinguis...

Ich schlage vor, die Schriften von Professor Janusz Kuczyński über den Universalismus weiterzuentwickeln und zu erweitern, indem ich das Wort „Humanismus“ durch Hinzufügen des Präfixes „Post“ ändere – um Begriff Humanismus auf alle gegenwärtigen zukünftigen fühlenden nicht-empfindungsfähigen Lebewesen auszudehnen ethischen Faden hervorhebe, der ein Wegweiser für Dialog im Allgemeinen interkultu...

........................................................................................... 315 Introduction ...................................................................................... 317 I. Law and Contemporary Attitudes Toward African Homosexuality ....................................................................... 323 II. Liberal Philosophy and Liberal Legal Frameworks .........

The status of universalism has been much debated by feminists at the end of the twentieth century. Poststructuralist feminism is readily positioned in these debates as antagonistic to normative universalism. It is criticized as such: how is injustice to be judged and condemned if contestation and the openness of ungrounded universalism are the only ideals? This paper is a ‘sub-philosophical’ en...

In an attempt to question the ascendency of today’s relativism, this essay asks two different but interrelated questions: (1) Does the celebration of cultural differences guarantee the disappearance of ethnocentric universalism? (2) Is it possible to envision a universalism that is not ethnocentric? Answering the first question negatively and the second question affirmatively, this essay analyz...