The long-time dynamics and pattern formation in semidilute suspensions of colloidal spheres in a viscous electrolyte under a uniform electric field are investigated using numerical simulations. The rapid chain formation that occurs in the field direction as a result of dipolar interactions is found to be followed by a slow coarsening process by which chains coalesce into hexagonal sheets and ev...

We introduce single-molecule spectroelectrochemistry (SMS-EC), a powerful new technique for studying electrochemical kinetics in highly heterogeneous systems. This technique uses fluorescence single-molecule spectroscopy to indirectly measure electrochemical kinetics one molecule at a time, offering for the first time the distribution of key electrochemical variables, such as the half-wave pote...

in this paper, using a one-dimensional simulation model, the reforming process of sour gas, i.e. ch4, co2, and h2s, to the various charged particles and syngas in a dielectric barrier discharge (dbd) reactor is studied. an electric field is applied across the reactor radius, and thus a non-thermal plasma discharge is formed within the reactor. based on the space-time coupled finite element meth...

In multilayer ferroelectric actuators, electrode edges are the main source of fracture due to the generation of non-uniform electric fields in their vicinity. The electric fields, in turn, induce incompatible strain fields and hence concentrated stresses, which may cause the ceramic to crack. In this paper, the crack initiation from the electrode edges is simulated using a phase-field model. Th...

Temperature is one of the effective parameters in erosion of spark plug electrodes. In this research, temperature of spark plug was measured in engine's different operation conditions with two types of fuels: compressed natural gas and gasoline. Test results showed that, temperature of center electrode is lower than ground electrode and maximum difference between them is 110ºC that occurs at...

temperature is one of the effective parameters in erosion of spark plug electrodes. in this research, temperature of spark plug was measured in engine's different operation conditions with two types of fuels: compressed natural gas and gasoline. test results showed that, temperature of center electrode is lower than ground electrode and maximum difference between them is 110ºc that occurs ...

In this paper, few-layer porous graphene is integrated onto the surface of a metasurface layer to provide a uniform static electric field to efficiently control liquid crystal, thereby enabling flexible metamaterial designs. We demonstrate a tunable cross-shaped metamaterial absorber with different arm lengths driven by this combined metasurface and graphene electrode. The resulting absorber su...

Two computational models to be used as tools for experimental research on the retinal implant are presented. In the first model, the electric field produced by a multi-electrode array in a uniform retina is calculated. In the second model, the depolarization of the cell membrane of a probe cylinder is calculated. It is shown how these models can be used to answer questions as to cross talk of a...

the coordinate transformation allows the exact calculation of some electrode configurations. in this paper the prolate spherical coordination transformation is used to calculate the field of a hyperboloiderod against plan electrode. the exact field is caculated using two new parameters: 1) electrodes spacing and 2) the radius of curvature of the tip of the rod electrode. the partial discharge i...

We report results from a study on electrical breakdown in liquid helium using near-uniform-field stainless steel electrodes with stressed area of $\sim$0.725 cm$^2$. The distribution the field is obtained for temperatures between 1.7 K and 4.0 K, pressures saturated vapor pressure 626 Torr, different surface polishes. A data-based approach determining electrode-surface-area scaling presented. d...