The end e*ector of a robotic arm is required to keep a contact on the contour of the constraint surface in tasks such as deburring and grinding. Being di*erent from contacts resulted from general mechanical pairs, such a contact is unidirectional, or equivalently, the contact force can only act along the outward normal of the constraint surface at the contact point. How to achieve this speci.ca...

the realization optimality theory is a recent development in the original optimality theory which is proposed to deal with morphological issues especially the inflectional ones. its main idea is to consider the morphological realization rules as ranked violable language-specific constraints that control the realization processes and provide phonological information of grammatical morphemes. thi...

Malfunction of the unidirectional valve in a breathing circuit system may cause hypercapnia from the rebreathing of expired gas, ventilation failure, and barotrauma. Capnography is a useful method for monitoring the integrity of the unidirectional valve. We experienced two cases of malfunction of a unidirectional valve which caused leakage and reverse flow, diagnosed early as a change of the ca...

this study set out to investigate the distribution of the syntactic properties associatedwith the prodrop parameter by persian-speaking l2 learners of english in an attemptto examine the (un)attainability of native-like knowledge and (in)accessibility of ugin adult sla. to do so, 92 participants were assigned into different levels of l2knowledge based on their performances on the oxford placeme...

The ultrasonic transducers have numerous applications in industries, including medical probes for performing ultrasound scans. One of the significant drawbacks transducer is wastage a large portion energy, due to high acoustic impedance, while transmitting waves target object. present study aimed investigate material design piezo-composite and improve its performance. Different were simulated C...

The ultrasonic transducers have numerous applications in industries, including medical probes for performing ultrasound scans. One of the significant drawbacks transducer is wastage a large portion energy, due to high acoustic impedance, while transmitting waves target object. present study aimed investigate material design piezo-composite and improve its performance. Different were simulated C...

It is shown that a unidirectional link of a network can be used for routing only if it has an inclusive cycle, which is a path that can carry routing updates from the downstream node to the upstream node joined by the unidirectional link. A new routing algorithm for networks with unidirectional links is then presented, which incrementally disseminates linkstate information and selectively utili...

A distributed algorithm is self-stabilizing if after faults and attacks hit the system and place it in some arbitrary global state, the system recovers from this catastrophic situation without external intervention in finite time. Unidirectional networks preclude many common techniques in self-stabilization from being used, such as preserving local predicates. The focus of this work is on the c...

Compactness as introduced by Botafogo, Rivlin and Shneiderman, in short: BRScompactness, is studied in general, as it can be used to describe the cohesion of parts of the lnternet or collaboration networks, and in the particular case of a unidirectional network, such as a citation graph. It is shown that the connection coefficient is an upper bound for the BRS-compactness value of a network. Du...