In measuring productivity in the presence of undesirable outputs, traditional growth accounting and index number approaches face the problem that prices of the undesirable outputs typically do not exist since such outputs are generally not marketed. In this paper we employ an alternative measure of total factor productivity based on a generalization of the Shephard distance functions, namely wh...

today, banks, as intermediaries, seek to attract and allocate resources to obtain greater benefit. therefore, the bank assessment is considered as an important subject in the banking industry. data envelopment analysis is an effective technique in evaluating the efficiency of decision-making units. there are factors among banking indices (such as receivables from resource allocation) that are i...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been long employed as a popular methodology to evaluate the performance of various production activities with multiple inputs and outputs. However, an important issue is that the production process in the real world inevitably generates undesirable outputs (like wastes and pollutants) along with desirable outputs. Therefore, the undesirable outputs should be ...