BACKGROUND The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulate p53, caspase and Bcl-2 family proteins, and is crucial for the degradation of the defective germ cells in testes. Purpose: to evaluate the concentration of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) in the blood plasma of boys with cryptorchidism and if there is any correlation with patient age. METHODS Patients-50 boys aged 1-4 years (...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Preoperative imaging techniques may guide management of nonpalpable, cryptorchid testicles. We evaluated conventional MRI for identifying and locating nonpalpable testicles in prepubescent boys via meta-analysis. METHODS Databases including Medline were searched from 1980 to February 2012. Eligible studies included ≥10 boys with cryptorchidism/suspected cryptorchidism...

BACKGROUND Mutations in the GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) gene encoding the transcription factor GLIS3 are a rare cause of neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism with 12 reported patients to date. Additional features, previously described, include congenital glaucoma, hepatic fibrosis, polycystic kidneys, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, osteopenia, sensorineural deafness, choanal atre...

Polyorchidism is an extremely rare congenital anomaly which refers to the presence of more than two testicles. There are very few reports of triorchidism in a 2 year old child. Polyorchidism is usually discovered incidentally. The most common anomalies associated with polyorchidism are inguinal hernia (30%), maldescended testis (15% to 30%), testicular torsion (13%) and hydrocele (9%). A 2-year...

Descent of the testicle from the abdomen into the scrotum is known to occur at about the eighth month of foetal life. If the transition has not taken place at birth it may do so shortly after. It is said that movement can take place at any time up to puberty but very rarely afterwards. Mothers, midwives and doctors are all aware that the scrotum of the newborn baby is usually well formed and co...

Hydrocele of spermatic cord is caused by defect in closure of the processus vaginalis, as the testicles descend into the scrotum during foetal development. It usually occurs in infancy and childhood. There are two types of hydrocele of spermatic cord. Encysted type is caused by defective closure at both proximal and distal ends of processus vaginalis and it does not communicate with the periton...

OBJECTIVES We review the various applications of laparoscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopy in paediatric urology, as the laparoscopic and robotic approach in this population is gradually being recognised. METHODS We searched PubMed for human studies in English that were published between 1990 and the present, focusing on laparoscopic nephrectomies and partial nephrectomies, laparoscopic a...

Background The ligation of the patent processus vaginalis (PPV) is the challenging issue during the orchidopexy in the patients who suffering undescended testis (UDT). In the present study we aimed to comparing the advantages of the orchidopexy with high-ligation method and the san-ligation method as a modified orchidopexy in our more than 6 years` experiences. Materials and Methods The medical...

Cryptorchidism in horses is the most common congenital malformation, caused by a failure descent of testicles from abdominal cavity into scrotum. As result, there partial or complete loss reproductive potential although production and secretion steroid sex hormones anti-Mueller hormone, as well behavioral characteristics stallion, are maintained. The exact location undescended testis establishe...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Preoperative imaging techniques may guide management of nonpalpable, cryptorchid testicles. We evaluated conventional MRI for identifying and locating nonpalpable testicles in prepubescent boys via meta-analysis. METHODS: Databases including Medline were searched from 1980 to February 2012. Eligible studies included $10 boys with cryptorchidism/ suspected cryptorchidis...