نتایج جستجو برای: underground economy affects important indexes such as formal gdp
تعداد نتایج: 6512257 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Evaluation of the Underground Economy in Quebec: A Microeconomic Approach The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the size and the growth of Quebec’s underground economy, and the corresponding loss of taxes for the government. Our approach is based on a method developed by Pissarides and Weber (1989) and extended by Lyssiotou et al. (2004). The basic hypothesis is that individuals can und...
in this investigation the effect of external field on the electron density of nanostructures of cds, cdse, cdte, gaas and polymeric structure of three, four, five and six units of cds as a kind of nanosolar cells has been studied theoretically. as modeling this system in nanodimension, molecular structures has used. specific properties of molecular structures permit us to consider different sym...
This paper studies the effect of population aging on economic performance in an overlapping-generations model with international migration. Fertility is endogenized so that immigrants and natives can have different fertility rates. Fertility is an important determinant to the tax burden of social security since it affects the quantity and quality of future tax payers. We find that introducing i...
after the soviet union dissolution, a chaotic period was begun in the russia. russia lost its glory and felt disgrace. the first group of elites came to power under yeltsin; they tried to re-define russia’s identity as a european country and build a foreign policy on this baseline. therefore russia tried to become closer with the west especially with the u.s. according to their view the sovie...
abstract: country’s fiber optic network, as one of the most important communication infrastructures, is of high importance; therefore, ensuring security of the network and its data is essential. no remarkable research has been done on assessing security of the country’s fiber optic network. besides, according to an official statistics released by ertebatat zirsakht company, unwanted disconnec...
to day reaching a high economic growth rate is one of the main and important aim of any economic system. today the economists accept that economic stability is a necessary issue, but is not enough for the economic growth, while economic instability is one of the main elements, which restrict economic growth. the aim of this research is analysis of the effect of stability index of economy on eco...
We analyze how technology transfer from a leading economy affects followers’ productivity growth in manufacturing sectors and Gross Domestic Product. Allowing for heterogeneous technology levels we explore how this impacts rates of catch-up in labor productivity across manufacturing sectors and GDP for 16 OECD nations. Our results indicate that aggregate studies bias downward the estimated rate...
توسعه مالی با الزاماتی که برای فعالیتهای اقتصادی ایجاد و با اعطای امتیازاتی که به گیرندگان وام میدهد، یکی از عوامل مهم درکوچکتر شدن اقتصاد زیرزمینی میباشد. در این تحقیق یک الگوی (TVP-FAVAR)[i]با هدف بررسی تأثیر توسعه مالی بر بخش زیرزمینی اقتصاد ایران تصریح شده است. به این منظور از دادههای سری زمانی در بازه 1350 تا 1394 و دو ابزار توابع واکنش آنی و تجمعی استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان میدهدک...
in the new age, in regard to human success in education in the globalizing world, one can consider english proficiency and individual differences as two important issues. in efl settings, reading skill plays an important role in education. it seems that using multiple intelligences theory in efl classes which values individual differences by tapping different intelligences, can be rewarding. as...
power transformers are important equipments in power systems. thus there is a large number of researches devoted of power transformers. however, there is still a demand for future investigations, especially in the field of diagnosis of transformer failures. in order to fulfill the demand, the first part reports a study case in which four main types of failures on the active part are investigate...
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