Nanopatterning techniques have applications across a wide range of experimental sciences, from controlling cell growth and function [ 1 ] to improving the effi ciency of thin fi lm solar cells. [ 2 ] Approaches developed by the microelectronics industry such as photon-, ionand electron-beam lithography are highly refi ned, producing features with dimensions of just tens of nanometers. Unfortuna...

Almost half of the Greenland ice sheet's mass loss occurs through iceberg calving at marine terminating glaciers. The presence buoyant subglacial discharge plumes these termini are thought to increase both submarine melting and by undercutting that consequently increases rates. Plume models used predict undercutting. However, there few observations allow relationships be tested. Here, we use ai...

This would seem to contradict my earlier assessment of the 6th stage, but one should remember that in terms of the whole Australian maritime scene, it was but a drop in the ocean. Incidentally, while on the subject of the I.S.N., the reasons for its demise were improved road systems and haulage methods, but most of all, the excessive undercutting by the N.S.W. Railways. It is an indisputable fa...