Abstract: In this paper, a dead zone based model of saturation phenomenon is proposed, which enables to model diverse kinds of saturation, such as hard limitted and soft limitted ones. Due to the use of a linear in parameter approach, the proposed model is consistent with the available adaptive control techniques in the literature. Besides, based on the proposed model, an adaptive controller is...

Filter ventilation is the dominant design feature on modern cigarettes, diluting the mainstream smoke with air and reducing tar and nicotine yields in the standard assay. Smokers are generally unaware of vent holes and often cover them with lips or fingers while smoking, reducing or eliminating the air dilution effect and increasing intake of tar and nicotine particularly on ultra-low tar brand...

Filter ventilation is the dominant design feature on modern cigarettes, diluting the mainstream smoke with air and reducing tar and nicotine yields in the standard assay. Smokers are generally unaware of vent holes and often cover them with lips or fingers while smoking, reducing or eliminating the air dilution effect and increasing intake of tar and nicotine particularly on ultra–low tar brand...

All biological samples emit ultra-low intensity light without any external stimulation. Recently, scientific communities have paid particular attention to this phenomenon, known as ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). UPE has been introduced in the literature as an alternative for biophoton, low-level chemiluminescence and ultra-weak bioluminescence, while it differs from ordinary bioluminescence,...

all biological samples emit ultra-low intensity light without any external stimulation. recently, scientific communities have paid particular attention to this phenomenon, known as ultra-weak photon emission (upe). upe has been introduced in the literature as an alternative for biophoton, low-level chemiluminescence and ultra-weak bioluminescence, while it differs from ordinary bioluminescence,...

Abstract: In the present investigation, the effects of thermomechanical processing parameters and the steel chemical composition on the ultra fine ferrite formation characteristics were studied. This was programmed relying on the capabilities of strain induced transformation (SIT) phenomenon and applying to different grades of Si-Mn TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels. According...