Recently, regarding to the occurrence of global challenges including economic recession, continental changes and public consequences, human’s creativity and inventions(Patent) are essential to find out sufficient solutions in future. Also, country of origin is used to categorize Intellectual Property(IP) data by resident(domestic) and non-resident(foreign) patent. In addition, Gross Domestic Pr...

EAL GROSS domestic product (GDP) increased 2.2 percent at an annual rate in the fourth quarter of 2014, according to the third estimates of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) (chart 1 and table 1).1 In the third quarter, real GDP increased 5.0 percent. The third estimate of real GDP growth was unrevised from the second estimate, and the general picture of the economy for the fourt...

As a result of advancing globalization and economic activities that go beyond national borders, gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP) are becoming dissociated. The two are the same to the extent that they measure (gross) added value generated during a specific period (e.g., one year). A difference between them is, generally speaking, the former focuses on whether economi...

one of the current challenges and complications in the world is the climate change and global warming, which has numerous and varied effects and consequences in different regions. in this regard, the effects of economic activities on the increase in greenhouse gases and also the effects of greenhouse gases on economic activities have become increasingly controversial. in this study, an investig...

Regional Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (GDP) GDP represents the regional GDP per capita measured as a proportion of the overall Spanish average of 100, adjusted annually. The regional GDP scores (along with the updated Spanish average of 100) were available for each of the 17 regions for 1973, 1985, 1989, 1991, and 1993. Missing years between 1977 and 1996 were given scores via interpolatio...

Abstract I n this paper we investigated total energy consumption and its individual forms (oil, natural gas, electricity, renewable energies and coal) relationship with real gross domestic product (GDP) in Iran. We employed Hsiao’s (1981) methodology and annual data which cover 1967-2010 for investigation. The empirical findings indicate there is bidirectional causality ef...