PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive investigation of electron beam reference dosimetry using Monte Carlo simulations of the response of 10 plane-parallel and 18 cylindrical ion chamber types. Specific emphasis is placed on the determination of the optimal shift of the chambers' effective point of measurement (EPOM) and beam quality conversion factors. METHODS The EGSnrc system is used for calc...

Editing of tRNA has a wide phylogenetic distribution among eukaryotes and in some cases serves to expand the decoding capacity of the target tRNA. We previously described C-to-U editing of the wobble position of the imported tRNA(Trp) in Leishmania mitochondria, which is essential for decoding UGA codons as tryptophan. Here we show the complete set of nucleotide modifications in the anticodon a...

A single-strand-specific nuclease from rye germ (Rn nuclease I) was characterized as a tool for secondary and tertiary structure investigation of RNAs. To test the procedure, yeast tRNA(Phe) and tRNA(Asp) for which the tertiary structures are known, as well as the 3'-half of tRNA(Asp) were used as substrates. In tRNA(Phe) the nuclease introduced main primary cuts at positions U33 and A35 of the...

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University will provide intense beams of rare isotopes for research in nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and study of fundamental interactions. A Superconducting linac will accelerate the primary beam to energies beyond 200 Mev/u and is designed to reach a maximum beam power close to 400kW on the fragmentation target. In the case ...

Appropriate management of crop residue plays a key role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, it has been inadequately implemented general agricultural practices. In field investigation using static chambers, we evaluated the effects at three different rates - 100 % (R100), 50 (R50), and removal (R0) on carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux. The study was conducted corn-wheat rotation under co...

The aims of this study were to develop and validate a prediction equation of fat-free mass (FFM) based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry using air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) as a reference in Asian neonates and to test the applicability of the prediction equations in an independent Western cohort. A total of 173 neonates at birth and 140 at two weeks of age wer...

Hemorrhages in the retinal fundus are a common symptom of both diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, making their detection crucial for early diagnosis treatment. For this task, aim is to evaluate performance two pre-trained additionally fine-tuned models from Detectron2 model zoo, Faster R-CNN (R50-FPN) Mask (R50-FPN). Experiments show that provides highly accurate segmentation masks each de...

Anticodon hairpins are structural motifs with contradictory functions. The recognition by aminoacyl synthetases implies extended interactions with the anticodon base triplet and thus, usually, an unfolding of the anticodon loop. The recognition by the ribosome and cognate interaction with a mRNA codon implies, on the other hand, the formation of a mini-helix with a canonical anticodon hairpin s...

Anticodon hairpins are structural motifs with contradictory functions. The recognition by aminoacyl synthetases implies extended interactions with the anticodon base triplet and thus, usually, an unfolding of the anticodon loop. The recognition by the ribosome and cognate interaction with a mRNA codon implies, on the other hand, the formation of a mini-helix with a canonical anticodon hairpin s...

Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenases (G6PDHs) from different sources show varying specificities towards NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactors. However, it is not known to what extent structural determinants of cofactor preference are conserved in the G6PDH family. In this work, molecular simulations, kinetic characterization of site-directed mutants and phylogenetic analyses were used to study the structur...