Here are many situations in real applications of decision making where we deal with uncertain conditions.  Due to the different sources of uncertainty,  since its original definition of fuzzy sets in 1965 cite{zadeh1965},  different generalizations and extensions of fuzzy sets have been introduced: Type-2 fuzzy sets cite{6,13}, Intuitionistic fuzzy sets cite{1}, fuzzy multi-sets cite{37} and et...

Type-2 fuzzy sets and complex fuzzy sets are both three dimensional extensions of type-1 fuzzy sets. Complex fuzzy sets come in two forms, the standard form, postulated in 2002 by Ramot et al., and the 2011 innovation of pure complex fuzzy sets, proposed by Tamir et al.. In this paper we compare and contrast both forms of complex fuzzy set with type-2 fuzzy sets, as regards their rationales, ap...

Background Childhood obesity has increased as a health problem worldwide and WHO have declared that obesity is a global epidemic problem which is needed to be managed promptly. In the last decades, prevalence of childhood obesity has raised dramatically. Childhood obesity may results in overweight and impose other health problems. It is also a risk factor for development of Type-2 Diabetes Mell...

We present XMM-Newton observations and spectral fitting of two highly redshift, [OIII]-luminous, narrow-line radio galaxies, B3 0731+438 and 3C 257. Their X-ray continua are well fitted by a partial covering model with intrinsically unabsorbed and absorbed powerlaw components. The spectral models indicate that both objects harbour highly obscured nuclei, with NH ≈ 0.5 − 2 × 10 23 cm. Correcting...

In this paper an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system based on interval Gaussian type-2 fuzzy sets in the antecedent part and Gaussian type-1 fuzzy sets as coefficients of linear combination of input variables in the consequent part is presented. The capability of the proposed method (we named ANFIS2) to function approximation and dynamical system identification is shown. The ANFIS2 structure ...

Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Systems (FLSs) have been applied to date with great success to different applications. However, for many real-world applications, there is a need to cope with large amounts of uncertainties. The traditional Type-1 FLSs that use crisp Type-1 fuzzy sets cannot directly handle such uncertainties. Type-2 FLSs that use Type2 fuzzy sets can handle such uncertainties to produce a be...

Words mean different things to different people, and so are uncertain. We, therefore, need a fuzzy set model for a word that has the potential to capture their uncertainties. In this paper I propose that an interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2 FS) be used as a FS model of a word, because it is characterized by its footprint of uncertainty (FOU), and therefore has the potential to capture word uncerta...