OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence and factors associated with vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) among pregnant women treated in the periods of 1998-2004 and 2005-2011 in a reference service for the care of HIV-infected patients in southern Brazil. METHODS This was a descriptive and analytical study that used the databases of laboratories from the CD4 and STDs/A...

Executive Summary This report analyzes the implications of privatization for women workers, especially those employed in low-end occupations. Data analyzed show that women disproportionately depend on the public sector for jobs that pay decent wages and offer benefits. This is especially true for African American and Hispanic women, and for women who do not have a college education. In part, hi...

Children's maternal, self, and marital representations were examined in 46 children 3 1/2 to 7 years old using the MacArthur Story Stem Battery. Children drawn from agencies serving battered women expressed fewer positive representations of their mothers and themselves, were more likely to portray interparental conflict as escalating, and were more avoidant and less coherent in their narratives...

the role of media in today´s world is undeniable and no border can be imagined for information transfer. among these, one controversial issue in the media is gender and women. this study examines female subjects in discourse atmosphere of iran´s cinema. it probes their situations and the way of confrontation with them regarding common discourses in two traditional and modernist structures in ir...

KEY FINDINGS Data from the National Vital Statistics System •The triplet and higher-order birth rate declined 41% from 1998 to 2014, or from about 1 in every 515 births in 1998 to one in every 880 births in 2014. •Triplet and higher-order birth rates were down by about 50% or more for women aged 25 and over. Rates were essentially unchanged for women under 25. •The largest declines in triplet a...

CONTEXT Ideal family size and desire for an additional child are the two most commonly used fertility preference indicators. However, little is known about the consistency over time of responses to each measure, the consistency between the two indicators or the predictive value of these indicators in India. METHOD Longitudinal data from the 1998-1999 National Family Health Survey and a follow...