The sound-producing structure in birds is the syrinx, which is usually a two-part organ located at the junction of the bronchi. As each branch of the syrinx produces sound independently, many birds have two acoustic sources. Thirty years ago, we had anatomical, physiological and acoustical evidence of this two-voice phenomenon but no function was known. In songbirds, often these two voices with...

Researchers had been divided over whether the sound was vocal or not, but the latest study, published online in the Royal Society Proceedings B shows unequivocally that the tail feathers were the source of the sound. When the researchers cut back the tail feathers — which grow back in five weeks and do not affect the birds ability to fly — the males were unable to make the noise. Tests in wind ...

The presence of a bird community can be used as bioindicator environmental quality in suburban areas. Bird identification from sound recording has developed the last decade. This research aims to analyze green open space area Sleman Regency based on acoustic analysis. Data collection was carried out November 2020 March 2021 river borders and city parks. data using mobile phone, facilitated by A...

The round complexity of interactive protocols is one of their most important complexity measures. In this work we prove that existing lower bounds for the round complexity of VSS can be circumvented by introducing a negligible probability of error in the reconstruction phase. Previous results show matching lower and upper bounds of three rounds for VSS, with n = 3t + 1, where the reconstruction...

trade secrets has an important role in economic growth and development of economic competition. however ,one of the challenges in this sphere is the emergence of economice spionag. increasing growth of economic espionage causes to emerge a new phenomenon which is called information terrorism. so the mechanism of protection of the trade secretsincivil and criminal law is necessary for economic g...

The behaviour of six replicates of broilers obtained from commercial farms, fed ad-libitum and housed on 23-h light:1-h dark schedule at 20 lx was observed using scan sampling. Comparisons were made between sound birds and those of varying degrees of lameness between 39 and 49 days of age. Sound broilers averaged 76% of their time lying and this increased significantly to 86% in lame birds (gai...