Man is a social being that always needs the contribution and help of other humans for survival. On hand, due to difference opinions, tastes, interests objectives, they have conflicts with each other. Then, assault in order protect their personal sometimes this hostility endangers existence health person some cases survival society. This why we need laws guard society ensure mankind rights all i...

khunaji and his companions get influence from fakhr al-din razi and classified quantified propositions into two kinds: factual and external. abhari added the third kind which was named mental. tusi and his companions refuted khunaji’s viewpoint. analysis and explanation of the historical development of classification of predicative proposition into factual, external and mental is the problem of...

some logicians as avicenna, khaja nasir al-din tusi, and dabiran katebi believe that denotation (dilala) is dependent on volition (irada), and as long as there is no volition, there is no denotation. some others like qutb al-din razi completely reject this idea and maintain that denotation merely depends on “knowledge of designation” (al-ilm bi al-wad’). some of methodologicians of jurisprudenc...