The two main resistances in the exchange of gases between plants and the atmosphere are stomatal and boundary layer resistances. We modeled boundary layer dynamics over glabrous and pubescent leaves (assuming non-exchanging trichomes) with leaf lengths varying from 0.01 to 0.2 m, and windspeeds of 0.1-5.0 m x s(-1). Results from theoretical and semi-empirical formulae were compared. As expected...

this work investigates the response of two-dimensional, turbulent boundary layer characteristics over a flat plate to the presence of suspended particulate matter. both phases are assumed to be interacting continua. that is, the carrier fluid equations are considered to be coupled with the particle-phase equations. a finite-difference technique with non-uniform grid has been employed for the so...

Two observations drawn from a thoroughly validated direct numerical simulation of the canonical spatially developing, zero-pressure gradient, smooth, flat-plate boundary layer are presented here. The first is that, for bypass transition in the narrow sense defined herein, we found that the transitional-turbulent spot inception mechanism is analogous to the secondary instability of boundary-laye...

the flow characteristics around an elliptic cylinder with an axis ratio of ar=2 located near a flat plate were investigated experimentally. the elliptic cylinder was located on the inside and outside a turbulent boundary layer region whose thickness (δ) is 0.38b. the reynolds numbers based on the height of the cylinder cross-section were 15000 and 30000. measurements of mean velocity and turbul...

In this study, the influence of a geostrophically balanced horizontal density gradient on turbulent convection in the ocean is examined using numerical simulations and a theoretical scaling analysis. Starting with uniform horizontal and vertical buoyancy gradients, convection is driven by imposing a heat loss or a destabilizing wind stress at the upper boundary, and a turbulent layer soon devel...

a novel neuro-based method is introduced to solve the laminar boundary layer and the turbulent free jet equations. the proposed method is based on cellular neural networks, cnns, which are recently applied widely to solve partial differential equations. the effectiveness of the method is illustrated through some examples.

mixed convection is a fundamentally significant heat transfer mechanism that occurs in selection industrial and technological applications. in this study, first the laminar mixed convection inside rectangular enclosure with moving wall and aspect ratio=10 is modeled and then the results are compared with other investigate. after showing varity of results, the investigation is continued with tur...

To simulate the effect of free st ream turbulence on turbulent spot formation, experiments were conducted on the interaction of localized three-dimensional disturbances with the harmonic waves in a laminar boundary layer on a flat plate. Experiments conducted in three-dimensional diverging flow (but zero pressure gradient) show, while individually the disturbances decay downstream, their intera...

An investigation of a model of turbulence generation in the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer is made through direct numerical simulations. The model is based on the instability of a streak. First, a laminar boundary layer disturbed by a continuous blowing through a slot is simulated in order to reproduce and further investigate the results reported from the experiments of Acarlar & Smi...