Introduction: Secondary radiation such as photoelectrons, Auger electrons and characteristic radiations cause a local boost in dose for a tumor when irradiated with an external X-ray beam after being loaded with elements capable of activating the tumor, e.g.; I and Gd. Materials and Methods:  In this investigation, the MCNPX code was used for simulation and calculation of dose enhancement facto...

Mohs micrographic surgery is the technique of surgically removing skin tumors by gradually excising thin layers and visualizing under a microscope till a tumor-free zone is obtained. During the surgical procedure, visible tumors are surgically removed. During the second stage, if tumor margins are clear with the positive specimen at depth, only depth cavitations need to be done without altering...

Background: Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) technique is used to treat a surgically exposed tumor or tumor bed in the treatment of locally advanced intraabdominal, retroperitoneal, pelvic, thoracic, breast and soft tissue tumors. One way to perform IORT is to use an existing linac and modify the treatment head using an applicator system. In this study the objectives were to design, and ...

PURPOSE To investigate the associated risk factors and the prognostic impact of positive resection margins after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early-stage gastric cancer. METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed on 319 consecutive lesions in 316 patients who underwent ESD. Age, gender, surgeons, lesion location, maximum diameter of resected sp...

BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to determine mast cell infiltration in malignant melanoma by immunohistochemistry method and its relationship with some of the cancer prognostic factors, including age, sex, and depth of the tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective analytic cross-sectional study, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma...

Translation of fluorescence imaging using molecularly targeted imaging agents for real-time assessment of surgical margins in the operating room requires a fast and reliable method to predict tumor depth from planar optical imaging. Here, we developed a dual-wavelength fluorescent molecular probe with distinct visible and near-infrared excitation and emission spectra for depth estimation in mic...

objective(s):  cd44 is a member of the cell adhesion molecules family. naturally, cd44s, along with cd44v3 influence the cell motility, migration, and adhesion, while in tumor cells they lead to tumor invasion, progression, and metastasis. the purpose of this research is to evaluate the cd44s and cd44v3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc) and to reveal their correlations wit...