A kinetic model has been developed for the formation of selected congeners PCDD/Fs during thermal decomposition different wastes in a horizontal reactor. Previously published data on have correlated using that only considers process parameters, such as presence amounts oxygen atmosphere reaction, chlorine and metals waste. The effect both is modelled through an equation assuming “saturation eff...

A mathematical heat transfer model for the prediction of transient heating of the slab in a direct-fired walking beam type reheating furnace has been developed by considering the nongray thermal radiation with given furnace environments. The furnace is modeled as radiating nongray medium with carbon dioxide and water with five-zoned gas temperature and the furnace wall is considered as a consta...

An analytical model of a spreader-stoker wood waste fired boiler has been developed for pre­ dicting the size of the largest particle which can be entrained by the upward motion of the furnace gases. This model is based on an entrainment model which equates particle in-situ settling velocity to furnace gas velocity and uses a stirred reactor mod­ el to evaluate furnace conditions. The effects o...

The blast-furnace process consists of a large number of processes that are physicochemical, thermal and mechanical interconnected processes. In addition to main processes consisting of iron oxides reduction, pig iron and slag melt creation, also realised are fuel combustion, gas flow, charge and melt flow, dissociation and other reactions in the solid and liquid phases. Inputs to the blast-furn...

Considerations related to minerals and the organic composition play a major role in biomass pyrolysis, determining the distributions and properties of pyrolysate. Thus, a correlation was developed to predict the influence of both the ingredients and minerals (additive NaCl) on the yield of pyrolysates. The feedstock was processed in a tubular reactor furnace at the temperature levels for 400, 4...

In this study, the fluidized bed reactor was used to carbonize corncob in the carbonization step of producing carbon adsorbent with large specific surface area. The experiment showed that not only the efficiency of carbonization, but also the value of specific surface area and specific pore volume of the produced carbon were obviously increased. The experimental operating conditions were as fol...

Extruded polystyrene (XPS) is often treated with hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) as fire retardant (FR). Because of its aliphatic structure, HBCD is not suspected to cause formation of polybrominated dioxins upon combustion. Precursors of polybrominated dioxins, namely bromophenols, were detected during tubular furnace combustion experiments of FR-XPS in combination with sorptive enrichment on po...

M. Szega, W. Stanek Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland L. Blacha Silesian University of Technology, Katowice, Poland The reduction of energy consumption in the blast furnace is still the subject of investigations using mathematical modelling of a blast furnace plant. Theoretical-empirical hybrid models of a blast furnace and its equipment have been presented. This model is built...

Nowadays, the selective etching of metal carbides by chlorine gas is one well established method to prepare highly porous and nanostructurated carbon materials with potential applications for hydrogen storage and supercapacitors The obtained products usually named as carbide-derived carbons (CDC) present high purity, high surface area and homogeneous pore size distribution and most of times pre...