Tuber magnatum produces the world's most expensive truffle. This fungus produces very rare ectomycorrhizas which are difficult or even impossible to detect in the field. A "real-time" PCR assay was recently developed to quantify and to track T. magnatum mycelium in soil. Here, this technique was used to investigate the spatial distribution of T. magnatum extra-radical mycelium in soil productiv...

Truffle species within the /tarzetta-geopyxis lineage share smooth, globose, hyaline spores, but differ in the amount of convolution of hymenia in ascomata. The relationships among truffle species in this lineage have historically been confused. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA from recently collected members of the /tarzetta-geopyxis lineage from Asia, Austral Asi...

Aims of the study: The goals of this paper are to provide preliminary data on the composition of the mite community in truffle-producing soils (both wild and plantations), and to elucidate those species which may interact with the black truffle life cycle. Area of study: The study was carried out in two black truffle productive zones in Navarra (Spain), in four different plantations and five wi...

BACKGROUND Traditional Environmental Knowledge (TEK) related to truffles represents an under-investigated area of research in ethnobiology. Nevertheless, truffles, in a few southern European areas, and notably in South Piedmont, represent a crucial component of the local economy and cultural heritage. METHODS Thirty-four white truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico) gatherers, locally known as trifulau...

fle findings as far north as Gotland (a Baltic island off the southeast Swedish coast) further suggest a close link to environmental change (Wedén et al. 2005). Assessment of high-resolution climatic data (Mitchell and Jones 2005) revealed spatial differences of ~0.5 ̊C between mean temperatures in Burgundy and our study site, which corresponded with temporal changes in mean temperatures observe...

The sequestrate fungi of Japan, including truffle and truffle-like fungi, have not been well characterized but are potentially diverse. We investigated the diversity and phylogeny of Japanese Octaviania specimens using a multifaceted approach including scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS and LSU) and EF-1α (tef1) sequences. Phylogeneti...

Communicating Event-Loop Languages similar to E and AmbientTalk are recently gaining more traction as a subset of actor languages. With the rise of JavaScript, E’s notion of vats and non-blocking communication based on promises entered the mainstream. For implementations, the combination of dynamic typing, asynchronous message sending, and promise resolution pose new optimization challenges. Th...

Morphological delimitation of Asian black truffles, including Tuber himalayense, T. indicum, T. sinense, T. pseudohimalayense, T. formosanum and T. pseudoexcavatum, has remained problematic and even phylogenetic analyses have been controversial. In this study, we combined five years of field investigation in China with morphological study and DNA sequences analyses (ITS, LSU and β-tubulin) of 1...

Investigation of the sexual reproduction strategy of the Périgord black truffle (Tuber 1 melanosporum Vittad.) revealed trioecy 2 3 Herminia De la Varga, François Le Tacon, Mélanie Lagoguet, Flora Todesco, Torda 4 Varga, Igor Miquel, Dominique Barry-Etienne, Christophe Robin, Fabien Halkett, 5 Francis Martin, Claude Murat 6 7 INRA, Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorgani...