The chapter deals with ethical aspects of patent law and how the global patent regime helps or hinders the development of a developing country such as Thailand. More specifically, it discusses Article 27.3 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which states that countries may exclude methods of medical treatment, plants ...

1 1. Introduction As a consequence of the TRIPS Agreement at the WTO, many developing countries have implemented or strengthened product patents in pharmaceuticals in recent years, though the Doha Declaration of 2001 clarified that the least developed WTO members may delay such implementation or enforcement of drug patents until 2016. TRIPS requires the provision of patents across virtually all...

The "World Trade Organization (WTO)" is an organization that Pakistan a part of, the primary goal of which to improve international trade in long-term, sustainable way. What's more, stands behind “Berne Convention for Protection Literary and Artistic Work 1886” addition “Universal Copyright 1952” “The agreement on Trade-Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights, 1995 (TRIPs)”. On 1st January...

over the past two decades, the role of intellectual property rights in all areas of science and technology has exploded globally– primarily due to the rules prescribed by the world trade organization’s trips and by bilateral/regional trade agreements. the trips agreement obligates all wto member countries to adopt and enforce minimum standards of intellectual property rights. the trips agreemen...

The 1994 World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) established minimum universal standards in all areas of intellectual property. It is intended to implement these standards globally through a WTO enforcement mechanism. The present article proposes a strategy for alleviating the potentially negative impact of TRIPS in Thailand in r...

As discussed in earlier chapters, the global regime of IPRs protection strengthened dramatically in the 1990s, primarily through TRIPs but also through unilateral initiatives and intellectual property chapters in regional trade agreements. I presented the legal structure of TRIPs in chapter 2, and defined the concepts in chapter 3 in order to set the stage for the positive economic analysis of ...

iii Foreword Intellectual property is becoming increasingly important to agricultural trade. The success of Australian agriculture may be determined more in the future by our ability to engage in effective marketing and product innovation, than our ability to continue to improve yields. If this is the case, the international rules governing the trade aspects of intellectual property are importa...

The World Trade Organization's (WTO's) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of 1994 seeks to implement a uniform set of intellectual property protection across member nations to provide greater stability in international economic relations. Critics argue that the TRIPS agreement provides unnecessarily strong protection of intellectual property rights which ...

This study assessed the impact of the Thai-US Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on access to medicines in Thailand. We first interpreted the text of the sixth round of Thai-US negotiations in 2006 on intellectual property rights (IPR). The impact was estimated using a macroeconomic model of the impact of changes in IPR. The estimated impact is based on a comparison between the current IPR situation an...