A new trinucleotide proposition is proved here and allows all the trinucleotide circular codes on the genetic alphabet to be identified (their numbers and their sets of words). This new class of genetic motifs, i.e. circular codes (or synchronizing genetic motifs), may be involved in the structure and the origin of the genetic code, and in reading frames of genes.

Herein we report a convenient approach for the preparation of fully protected trinucleotide synthons to be used for the synthesis of gene libraries. The trinucleotide synthons bear β-cyanoethyl groups at the phosphate residues, and thus can be used in standard oligonucleotide synthesis without additional steps for deprotection and work-up.

Trinucleotide hereditary diseases such as Huntington disease and Friedreich ataxia are cureless diseases associated with inheriting an abnormally large number of DNA trinucleotide repeats in a gene. The genes associated with different diseases are unrelated and harbor a trinucleotide repeat in different functional regions; therefore, it is striking that many of these diseases have similar corre...

the hereditary ataxias are a group of genetic disorders characterized by slowly progressive incoordination of gait and often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements. frequently, atrophy of the cerebellum occurs. the hereditary ataxias are categorized by mode of inheritance and causative gene or chromosomal locus. genetic forms of ataxia must be distinguished from t...

Trinucleotide-repeat expansion diseases (TREDs) are a group of inherited human genetic disorders normally involving late-onset neurological/neurodegenerative affectation. Trinucleotide-repeat expansions occur in coding and non-coding regions of unique genes that typically result in protein and RNA toxic gain of function, respectively. In polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders caused by an expanded CAG...

R-loops have been described at immunoglobulin class switch sequences, prokaryotic and mitochondrial replication origins, and disease-associated (CAG)n and (GAA)n trinucleotide repeats. The determinants of trinucleotide R-loop formation are unclear. Trinucleotide repeat expansions cause diseases including DM1 (CTG)n, SCA1 (CAG)n, FRAXA (CGG)n, FRAXE (CCG)n and FRDA (GAA)n. Bidirectional converge...

Trinucleotide repeats are involved in several neurological disorders in humans. DNA sequences containing CAG/CTG repeats are prone to slippage during replication and double-strand break repair. The effects of trinucleotide repeats on transcription and on nuclear export were analyzed in vivo in yeast. Transcription of a CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat in the 3'-untranslated region of a URA3 reporte...

The phosphorylation of nucleosides by a nucleoside phosphorofluoridate in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide is a very effective reaction for internucleotide bond synthesis in the case of pyrimidine deoxynucleosides. However, for the purine deoxynucleosides, yields are reduced due to competing reactions. The method was applied to the stepwise synthesis of oligothymidylates. The yield of th...