Herpes simplex virus type 1 was reactivated from the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice in a quantitative and time-dependent manner. Novobiocin and coumermycin A1 reversibly inhibited the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1. They did not inhibit viral replication in permissive cells (CV-1) but did inhibit replication in cells of neuronal origin (C1300) and acutely infected tri...

Latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the trigeminal ganglion of guinea pigs and latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection of the trigeminal ganglion of humans were studied by in situ nucleic acid hybridization. Guinea pig trigeminal ganglia were removed during the period of viral latency (four to five weeks after corneal inoculation of HSV), and human ganglia were removed at autop...

We used a mouse nasal model of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection to examine the biological properties of HSV-2 wild-type (wt), TK-negative, and replication-defective strains in vivo. Nasal septa tissue is the major site of wt viral replication post intranasal (i.n.) inoculation. The HSV-2 strain 186 syn(+)-1 wt virus caused lethal encephalitis at doses of 10(4) PFU and above per nostril,...

Previous studies indicated that intracerebroventricular administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) leads to massive Schwann cell hyperplasia surrounding the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. This study was designed to characterize the proliferation of peripheral glial cells, that is, Schwann and satellite cells, in the trigeminal ganglia and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of adult rats during two ...

The innervation of the rat pineal gland from the sphenopalatine, otic, superior cervical and trigeminal ganglia was investigated in animals by use of in vivo retrograde tracings. A solution of 2% Fluorogold was iontophoretically injected into the superficial pineal gland in a series of Wistar rats. After a survival time of 4-10 days, the animals were fixed by perfusion and the brains, sphenopal...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes a latent infection in neurons of sensory ganglia, including those of the trigeminal ganglia. Latent viral infection has been hypothesized to be regulated by restriction of viral immediate-early gene expression in neurons. Numerous in situ hybridization studies in mice and in humans have shown that transcription from the HSV-1 genome in latently in...

In this study we examined the expression of P2X(3) receptor in mouse embryos from E9.5 to E14.5 using immunohistochemistry. We found a uniform labeling in the developing trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), while adult DRG and trigeminal ganglia expressed P2X(3) only in small-diameter neurons. In the brainstem, the mesencephalic trigeminal and facial motor nuclei were immunoreactive for P2...

Background Preclinical experimental studies revealed an acute alteration of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in response to a single activation of the trigeminovascular system, which suggests a potential role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the pathogenesis of migraine. However, changes in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide after repeat...

The latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoter of pseudorabies virus (PRV) is unique among viral promoters in that it remains active in trigeminal ganglia during the latent state. It is not known which the viral or host proteins regulate expression of the PRV LAT gene in latently infected neurons. To determine whether host transcriptional proteins in neurons can regulate the PRV LAT promoter ...

It is well established that the majority of headache and other trigeminal nerve-associated disorders have higher prevalence in females than in males. However, the pathogenesis of many chronic trigeminal pain conditions, such as trigeminal neuralgia, migraine and temporo-mandibular disorders, is still not known. One of the proposed mechanisms involve calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which...