BACKGROUND Crops resistant to glyphosate may mitigate the increasing contamination of the environment by herbicides, since their weeding requires smaller amounts of herbicides and fewer active ingredients. However, there are few published data comparing the fate of glyphosate with that of substitute herbicides under similar soil and climatic conditions. The objectives of the work reported here ...

Objective: Vanillin (Va), a phenolic substance is a natural antioxidant with proven free radical scavenging activity and offers protection against oxidative damage. This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of Va against metribuzin (Mtz) pesticide-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups: control, vanillin...

The ozonation of trifluralin coated on azelaic acid particles is investigated with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The suspended trifluralin particles with the mean diameter of 270nm react with approximately 100ppm ozone in an aerosol reaction chamber under ambient pressure and room temperature (1atm, 298K). The time-of-flight mass spectra of the t...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate effects of the triazine herbicide metribuzin on signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana by determining oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidant indices (total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase) in hepatopancreas, muscle, and gill as well as assessing their histopathology. DESIGN Cray...

Metribuzin is an herbicide widely used for weed control that has been identified as a groundwater pollutant. It contaminates the environment even when it is used according to the manufacturer's instructions. To reduce herbicide leaching and increase weed control, new controlled release formulations were developed by entrapping metribuzin within a sepiolite-gel-based matrix using two clay/herbic...

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of metribuzin in surface waters on fish under experimental conditions. The effects of subchronic exposure to metribuzin on fish growth and the development of histopathological changes in selected organs (gill, kidney, liver) and on activity of some biochemical markers (CYP450, EROD) in Danio rerio were investigated during a 28-day toxicity test. Ju...

Although leishmaniasis is a major tropical disease, the currently available drugs are toxic and inadequate. We show that the antimicrotubule herbicide trifluralin has antileishmania activity. The present study aimed at deducing the relationship between the structure of the molecule and its antiprotozoan activity. Nine dinitroanilines, all of which were analogs of trifluralin, were compared. We ...

Turkey is the sixth largest producer of cotton in the world. Two of the most commonly applied pesticides used in cotton production are trifluralin and endosulfan. Although both are very effective at controlling pests, their persistence in the environment poses risks to human health and the environment. Four loam soils and one silty-loam soil were studied to evaluate the persistence of triflural...

Herbicide resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardii cells was induced by mutagenesis with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and ethylmethanesulfonate. Four mutant strains were isolated and analyzed for resistance against DCM U-type or phenolic inhibitors o f photosynthetic electron transport. The mutants were different in both the extent and the pattern o f their resistance: the R /S value, i.e. the ratio o f ...

The inhibition of photosynthetic electron flow in broken chloroplasts by dibromothymoquinone and dibromothymohydroquinone (DBMIBH2) is reversed by dithiothreitol (DTT) as well as by serum albumin. The reversal of DBMIBH2 inhibition by DTT shows a time lag, that of DBMIB only, when chloroplasts and DBMIB had been preilluminated. This is to show that chloroplasts reduce DBMIB and that probably DB...