Members of the RING finger family are implicated in a variety of functions such as signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and other developmental processes. Using degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the RING domain, we isolated a novel RING finger gene from the mouse testis cDNA library, which was about 1.8 kb and was termed Trif (testis-specific ring finger). This dedu...

The expressions and activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) are altered during infection and inflammation. Inflammatory responses in the liver are mediated primarily by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-signaling, which involves recruitment of Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) and TIR domain containing adaptor inducing inter...

LPS is a natural adjuvant that potentiates Ag-specific T cell survival and Th1 differentiation by stimulating MyD88 and Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) signaling pathways. In this study, we reveal the TRIF pathway is critical for amplifying murine effector T cell accumulation into nonlymphoid tissues following immunization with Ag plus LPS. Although LPS increased t...

As part of the mammalian innate immune response, Toll-like receptors 3 and 4 can signal via the adaptor protein TRIF/TICAM-1 to elicit the production of type-I interferons and cytokines. Recent studies have suggested an auto-inhibitory role for the N-terminal domain (NTD) of TRIF. This domain has no significant sequence similarity to proteins of known structure. In this paper, the crystallizati...

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human γ-herpesvirus associated with several human malignancies. The replication and transcription activator (RTA) is necessary and sufficient for the switch from KSHV latency to lytic replication. Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor-inducing β-interferon (TRIF, also called TIR-domain-containing adaptor molecule-1 (TICAM-1...

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease causing multifocal demyelination and axonal injuries in the central nervous system (CNS). Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain containing adaptor protein-inducing interferon beta (TRIF) is an important adaptor protein for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and can modulate the immune response via regulating cytokine secretion. This study i...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediated immune response is crucial for combating pathogens and must be tightly controlled. Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a family of proteins that is involved in a variety of biological and physiological processes. Some members of the TRIM family are important in the regulation of innate immunity. Although it has been shown that TRIM38 negatively regulates inn...

Repeated exposure to low doses of endotoxin results in progressive hyporesponsiveness to subsequent endotoxin challenge, a phenomenon known as endotoxin tolerance. In spite of its clinical significance in sepsis and characterization of the TLR4 signaling pathway as the principal endotoxin detection mechanism, the molecular determinants that induce tolerance remain obscure. We investigated the r...

Viral infections are able to induce autoimmune inflammation in the heart. Here, we investigated the role of virus-activated Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and its adaptor TRIF on the development of autoimmune coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis in mice. Although TLR3- or TRIF-deficient mice developed similarly worse acute CVB3 myocarditis and viral replication compared to control mice, disease was ...

kawasaki disease (kd) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis of childhood characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators at the acute stage. high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) is well accepted as a conventional therapy for kd. the aim of the present study was to determine the expression level of toll like receptors (tlrs) and their corresponding signaling mediators in pbmc...