background: high prevalence and increasing rate of asthmatic patients around the word witnesses the high burden of asthma. we have limited data on asthma burden and economic costs in iran. this study aimed to find direct and indirect economic costs of asthma and their association with some background factors in one of the referral tertiary centers for adult patients with asthma. methods: we sur...

background: in order to extend hbv immunization to twenty-five-year old adolescents, ministry of health and medical education (moh & me) in iran has decided to implement hbv mass vaccination campaign for adolescents who were born from 1989 to 1992. the first three-round campaign covering 1989 born adolescents was implemented in 2007 in iran. this study was conducted for cost estimation and anal...

Annually more than 80% of the overall budget of the uran solid waste management system in Iran is allotted to collection and transportation of the solid wastes. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the external costs associated with solid waste collection, transfer, and transportation in Tehran for the period of 2018 to 2032 based on the current situation. Waste guidance syste...

This paper formulates a mathematical model for the Green Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP), incorporating bi-fuel (natural gas and gasoline) pickup trucks in a mixed vehicle fleet. The objective is to minimize overall costs relating to service (earliness and tardiness), transportation (fixed, variable and fuel), and carbon emissions. To reflect a real-world situation, the study considers: (1) a co...

In this paper, some practical solid transportation models are formulated considering per trip capacity of each type of conveyances with crisp and rough unit transportation costs. This is applicable for the system in which full vehicles, e.g. trucks, rail coaches are to be booked for transportation of products so that transportation cost is determined on the full of the conveyances. The models w...

We consider a model for a serial supply chain in which production, inventory, and transportation decisions are integrated, in the presence of production capacities and for different transportation cost functions. The model we study is a generalization of the traditional single-item economic lot-sizing model, adding stationary production capacities at the manufacturer, as well as multiple interm...

The unexpected war situation in Europe caused extraordinary supply disruptions on the market of domestic and international raw materials. As a result, companies found themselves several unfavorable situations, which endangered their daily operations. aim research work is how fuel costs performing transport tasks can be reduced, to what extent they represent financial burden - typically provisio...