The ability to simulate the surface energy balance and microclimate within a plant canopy is contingent upon accurate simulation of radiation exchange within the canopy. Accurate radiation simulations require some assumption of leaf angle distribution to compute transmissivity, reflection and scattering of radiation. The ellipsoidal leaf angle density function can very closely approximate real ...

Within the generalized thermostatistics of Tsallis, we propose for the spin-1⁄2 Ising ferromagnet a transmissivity variable which extends that defined by Tsallis and Levy for thermal magnetic systems. By using this generalized transmissivity as well as duality arguments, we calculate the q-dependence of the critical temperature corresponding to the square lattice, where q is the entropic index ...

The majority of this course has focused on large scale climate and human health applications. The paper presented here, however, is an example of a smaller scale application of statistics to a geo-environmental issue. Researchers intend to model groundwater in an approximately 200 kilometer (km) by 300 km area around the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The study area is located on the easte...

We analyze the transmissivity of a nonlinear filter that is based on intensity-dependent polarization rotation in a birefringent fiber. It is shown that the transmissivity of the element depends not only on the intensity of the incident light but also on the time behavior of its amplitude. Such an element can be used as a derivator, an element that transmits only variations in the input pulse. ...

A novel methodology for the interpretation of pumping tests in leaky aquifer systems, referred to as the double inflection point (DIP) method, is presented. The method is based on the analysis of the first and second derivatives of the drawdown with respect to log time for the estimation of the flow parameters. Like commonly used analysis procedures, such as the type-curve approach developed by...

A simple theoretical model of atmospheric radiative equilibrium is solved analytically to help understand the energetics of maintaining Earth's tropical and subtropical climate. The model climate is constrained by energy balance between shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiative uxes. Given a complete set of SW and LW optical properties in each atmospheric layer, the model yields a unique equil...

This paper deals with parameterization of hydraulic transmissivity during its estimation. Estimating transmissivity is based on the minimization of an misfit function defined as a leastsquares misfit between measured data and the model output. The transmissivity is assumed to be a piecewise constant space dependent function. Refinement indicators, indicating the effect on the optimal data misfi...

On-chip optical isolation plays a key role in optical communications and computing based on silicon integrated photonic structures and has attracted great attentions for long years. Recently there have appeared hot controversies upon whether isolation of light can be realized via linear and passive photonic structures. Here we demonstrate optical isolation of infrared light in purely linear and...

Transmission and reflection are two fundamental properties of the electromagnetic wave propagation through obstacles. Full control of both the magnitude and phase of the transmission and reflection independently are important issue for free manipulation of electromagnetic wave propagation. Here we employed the equivalent principle, one fundamental theorem of electromagnetics, to analyze the req...

Karst aquifers with high primary-porosity matrix, such as the Floridan aquifer, have the potential for movement of water between conduits and matrix, with important implications for karst development and the maintenance of groundwater quality. The Santa Fe River Sink and River Rise conduit system, along with the surrounding unconfined Floridan aquifer in north-central Florida, provides a study ...