.............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................v V...

cystic echinococcosis caused by echinococcus spp. is considered endemic in iran. to clarify the pre­sent status of hydatidosis in iran the present review article is presented. authentic databases and search engines from 1996 onwards were utilized to enquire the situation of the disease in iran. human hydati­dosis is responsible for approximately 1% of admission to surgical wards and the rate of...

Dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) is an important aspect of dairy nutrition, especially in the transition period. Sahiwal cattle is the highest milk producing breed among Zebu cattle. We planned first study on transition Sahiwal cattle to determine the effects of feeding varying levels of negative DCAD. For this purpose, twenty pregnant cows (at the 250th day of gestation) were selected an...

A visibly distinct muscular hypertrophy (mh), commonly known as double muscling, occurs with high frequency in the Belgian Blue and Piedmontese cattle breeds. The autosomal recessive mh locus causing double-muscling condition in these cattle maps to bovine chromosome 2 within the same interval as myostatin, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of genes. Because targeted disruption of myostatin ...

Bottlenecks occur in a wide range of situations from pedestrians, ants, cattle, and traffic flow to the transport of granular materials. We examine granular flow across a bottleneck using simulations of monodisperse disks. Contrary to expectations but consistent with previous work, we find that the flow rate across a bottleneck actually increases if an obstacle is optimally placed before it. Us...

the lepr is a glycoprotein expressed mainly in hypothalamus, where it takes part in energy homeostasis and in regulation of the activity of the secretory organs. a transition mutation in this gene results in substitution of cytosine by thymine leading to the substitution of threonine by methionine in the intracellular domain of the lepr-b isoform. this study investigated the impact of polymorph...

in lying time among odor treatments. HR piglets exposed to AA, NB or MF had decreased lying time compared with ISO. MR pigs spent more time PFF (interested in the odor) when exposed to MF or NB compared with ISO. LR pigs showed similar PFF when exposed to each odor. HR piglets showed more PFF when exposed to MF than ISO. MR piglets showed more PAF (avoided the odor) when exposed to MP and AA th...