Background
Patients with thalassemia major and intermedia are
susceptible to osteopenia and osteoporosis. The
mechanism of osteoporosis in these patients is
multifactorial. Transfusion related iron overload in
endocrine organs leads to impaired growth hormone
secretion, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism,
hypoparathyroidism, lack of sex steroids and vitamin
D deficiency that contribute t...
