In order to track the carrier phases of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals in signal degraded environments, a dual antenna joint carrier tracking loop is proposed and evaluated. This proposed tracking loop processes inputs from two antennas, namely the master antenna and the slave antenna. The master antenna captures signals in open-sky environments, while the slave antenna capt...

visual servoing is generally contained of control and feature tracking. study of previous methods shows that no attempt has been made to optimize these two parts together. in kernel based visual servoing method, the main objective is to combine and optimize these two parts together and to make an entire control loop. this main target is accomplished by using lyapanov theory. a lyapanov candidat...

a mobile manipulator robot is known as a complex system due to some properties such as coupling between the manipulator and mobile chassis, holonomic and nonholonomic constraints, multivariable and nonlinear dynamics. the control of robot faces the external disturbance, parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. therefore, the use of an adaptive fuzzy system is suggested for its capability ...

The majority of textbooks (e.g., Kaplan 1996) appear to provide an analog or continuous representation on the theory of carrier tracking loops based on continuous tracking loop equations. Such a representation may be adequate to explain the tracking loop phenomenon when the noise bandwidth (Bn) integration time (T) product is much less than 1 where we are able to predict and explain the observe...

In high dynamic situations, the GPS carrier tracking loop requires a wide bandwidth to track a carrier signal because the Doppler frequency changes more rapidly with time. However, a wide bandwidth allows noises within the bandwidth of the tracking loop to pass through the loop filter. As these noises are used in the numerical controlled oscillator (NCO), the carrier tracking loop of a GPS rece...

Abstract—There is a problem that the accuracy and stability of the carrier phase measurements cannot meet the requirement of the short baseline attitude determination, ultra-tight integration tracking loop for the carrier phase measurement is raised. In this paper, the mathematical model for carrier phase measurements is derived. The factors affecting the accuracy and stability of carrier phase...

Carrier tracking in GNSS receivers suffers in environments where platform dynamics, received noise and interference are expected simultaneously. Similar is the case of a Locata receiver which operates on the same basic principles as GNSS receivers. A reduction in tracking loop bandwidth may offer noise rejection, but at the same time it makes tracking more vulnerable to oscillator and platform ...

Logical reasoning is at the heart of math courses. Wason’s selection task has been widely investigated to examine students’ reasoning; however, previous studies found that few participants could correctly solve Wason’s tasks. This study adopted a modified format of the selection task, context-embedded problems, as well as the standard selection tasks to look into high school and college student...

Studies show that people can recognize their own movements, such as their own walking (presented in silhouette using point lights), their own drawing (presented as a moving point light), own clapping, and their own piano playing. We extend this result to proprioceptive control, showing that people can recognize their own eye movements, when presented as just a point moving against a black backg...