BACKGROUND Implantation of testosterone pellets under the lateral abdominal wall skin is an old but popular and effective form of androgen replacement therapy. Extrusion of one or more pellets remains the most frequent adverse event. OBJECTIVE To determine whether an alternative implantation site (hip) and/or track geometry (two vs. four tracks) would reduce extrusion rates compared with the ...

Railway maintenance planners require a predictive model that can assess the railway track geometry degradation. The present paper uses a hierarchical Bayesian model as a tool to model the main two quality indicators related to railway track geometry degradation: the standard deviation of longitudinal level defects and the standard deviation of horizontal alignment defects. Hierarchical Bayesian...

Accurate measurement of the railway track geometry is a task of fundamental importance to ensure the track quality in both the construction phase and the regular maintenance stage. Conventional track geometry measuring trolleys (TGMTs) in combination with classical geodetic surveying apparatus such as total stations alone cannot meet the requirements of measurement accuracy and surveying effici...

The determination of the strategy to ensure that the geometry for railway track is kept within acceptable limits, in a cost effective manner, is a complex process. It requires the simultaneous consideration of the activities which govern inspection, maintenance and renewal. In addition to this the geometry degradation process is dependent upon the maintenance history. The condition where the tr...