This paper presents a comparison of several particle tracing algorithms on curvilinear grids. The fundamentals of particle tracing algorithms are described and used to split tracing algorithms into basic components. Based on this decomposition, two diierent strategies for particle tracing are described in greater detail: tracing in computational space and tracing in physical space. Accuracy and...

Contact tracing (also known as partner notification) is a primary means of controlling infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The effectiveness of contact tracing depends on a number of factors including the contact tracing policy used, the social mixing network, and characteristics of the disease (e.g., the t...

Tracing information is an essential part of the ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL). It is used to support interaction between transformation rules, where each rule can use the output of other rules by means of the implicit tracing mechanism. However, tracing information is often useful outside the scope of the transformation execution as well. Currently, ATL offers limited access to the implic...

Software customers want both sufficient product quality and agile response to requirements changes. Formal software requirements tracing helps to systematically determine the impact of changes and keep track of development artifacts that need to be re-tested when requirements change. However, full tracing of all requirements on the most detailed level can be very expensive and time consuming. I...

Building on a Lakatosian approach that sees Social Science as an endeavour that confronts rival theories with systematic empirical observations, this article responds to probing questions that have been raised about the appropriate ways in which to conduct systematic process analysis and comparative enquiry. It explores varieties of process tracing, the role of interpretation in case studies, a...

Background The first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was successfully restrained in many countries around the world by means of a severe lockdown. Now, we are entering the second phase of the pandemics in which the spread of the virus needs to be contained within the limits that national health systems can cope with. This second phase of the epidemics is expected to last until a...

In the fast improving society, people depend on online purchase of goods than spending time physically. So there are lots of resources emerged for this online buying and selling of materials. Efficient and attractive web sites would be the best to sell the goods to people. To know whether a web site is reaching the mind of the customers or not, a high speed analysis is done periodically by the ...

Realtime ray tracing produces high quality images at interactive frame rates. While the realtime rendering domain is still dominated by raster graphics, realtime ray tracing recently has become much more powerful. This paper addresses the essence of realtime ray tracing: the various acceleration techniques which yield interactive performance, how coherence between rays can be exploited and effe...