Interleukin (IL)-1beta causes airway inflammation, enhances airway smooth muscle responsiveness, and alters neurotransmitter expression in sensory, sympathetic, and myenteric neurons. This study examines the role of intrinsic airway neurons in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) induced by IL-1beta. Ferrets were instilled intratracheally with IL-1beta (0.3 microg/0.3 ml) or saline (0.3 ml) once da...

Wu, Z.-X., B. E. Satterfield, J. S. Fedan, and R. D. Dey. Interleukin-1 -induced airway hyperresponsiveness enhances substance P in intrinsic neurons of ferret airway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 283: L909–L917, 2002. First published April 12, 2002; 10.1152/ajplung.00363.2001.—Interleukin (IL)-1 causes airway inflammation, enhances airway smooth muscle responsiveness, and alters neurotra...

background: increase in intraocular pressure (iop) following tracheal intubation during general anesthesia can be troublesome. we compared the influence of two muscle relaxants, cisatracurium and atracurium, on iop in patients undergoing general anesthesia. methods: this randomized, double-blind, comparative trial was conducted on 90 candidates for elective non-ophthalmic surgery under general ...

Objectives: Surgical treatment of segment tracheal reconstruction longer than 6 cm needs trachea substitutes, tissue engineering can provide alternatives for tracheal reconstruction. Constructs with blood supply are preferred for tracheal replacement. Here we describe an approach for engineering of vascularized trachea with ectopic pedicled muscle flap. Methods: Poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)...

Myosin light chain kinase from smooth muscle has been shown to be phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, which leads to a decrease in the affinity of the kinase for Ca2+ . calmodulin and, hence, a decrease in enzymatic activity. This event has been proposed as a mechanism for the relaxation of smooth muscle in response to increased intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP. The...

background: muscle relaxant agents usually use to facilitate tracheal intubation; however, sometimes limitations exist. magnesium (mg) sulfate is a candidate for muscle relaxant substitute. this study was designed to determine the effect of mg sulfate accompanied with propofol and fentanyl in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. materials and methods: in a double?blind randomized protocol an...

The role of myosin phosphorylation in regulating smooth muscle contraction has been investigated by quantitating the myosin phosphate content of tracheal smooth muscle frozen during contraction or relaxation. Myosin was purified from quick-frozen muscle samples with the aid of antibodies prepared against tracheal smooth muscle myosin, and the phosphate content was determined after separation of...

Objective(s): In the present study, the effect of tissue incubation with propranolol on functional antagonism of Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) at muscarinic receptors of tracheal smooth muscle was examined.  Materials and Methods: The effects of three concentrations of aqueous-ethanolic extract, 10 nM atropine, and saline on muscarinic receptors were tested on incubated tracheal smoo...

OBJECTIVES Benzydamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents agent with anti-inflammatory and local anesthesia properties that is available in the entire world as an oral spray for oral mucositis patients who are suffering from radiation effects. The effect of benzydamine on oral mucositis in vivo is well known; however, the effect of the drug on tracheal smooth muscle has rarely been expl...

Objective: Asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida) is known as a valuable remedy for whooping cough, pneumonia, bronchitis in children and asthma treatment in folk medicine. In the present study the relaxant effects of the asafoetida on tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pigs and its probable mechanism(s) were examined. Materials and Methods: The relaxant effects of three cumulative concentrations of t...