Mouse cerebellar cells in culture secrete tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) into the culture medium. Fibrin overlays have shown tPA to be associated with granule neurons in these cultures. This cell associated tPA can be displaced by extensive washing of the cells or by a brief lowering of the pH (less than 4), which leads to a loss of fibrinolytic activity by the cells. Incubation of these fi...

tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) is a serine protease, which is composed of five distinct structural domains with 17 disulfide bonds, representing a model of high-disulfide proteins in human body. one of the most important limitations for high yield heterologous protein production in escherichia coli (e. coli) is the expression of complex proteins with multiple disulfide bridges. in this stud...

The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on myeloid colony formation were investigated by initial and delayed addition of TPA to the cultures. In the human placental condi tioned medium-stimulated cultures, TPA inhibited normal myeloid colony formation without any change in colony morphology when added at the beginning of culture. However, macrophage-like transformation of myel...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to evaluate the effects of administration of microbubbles (MBs) on the beginning, speed, and degree of middle cerebral artery (MCA) recanalization during systemic thrombolysis and continuous 2-MHz pulsed-wave transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring. METHODS We evaluated 111 patients with acute stroke attributable to MCA occlusion treated with intravenous tissue ...

The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on myeloid colony formation were investigated by initial and delayed addition of TPA to the cultures. In the human placental conditioned medium-stimulated cultures, TPA inhibited normal myeloid colony formation without any change in colony morphology when added at the beginning of culture. However, macrophage-like transformation of myelo...

Coupling tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) to carrier red blood cells (RBC) prolongs its intravascular life span and permits its use for thromboprophylaxis. Here, we studied the susceptibility of RBC/tPA to PA inhibitors including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) that constrain its activity and may reduce the duration of its effect. Despite lesser spatial and diffusional limitati...

The process of acute release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is important in locally speeding up fibrinolysis. Using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tPA, we investigated the acute release of tPA from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The addition of thrombin (0.003 to 3 NIH U/mL) caused the dose-dependent release of noncomplexed, enzymatically active ...

Current treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) requires an intravenous infusion (1.5-3 h) because the clearance of tPA from the circulation is rapid (t 1/2 approximately 6 min). We have developed a tPA variant, T103N,N117Q, KHRR(296-299)AAAA (TNK-tPA) that has substantially slower in vivo clearance (1.9 vs. 16.1 ml per min per kg for tPA in rabbits) and near-normal fibrin binding and...

Reperfusion therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a rational therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Properly titrated use of tPA improves clinical outcomes. However, there is also an associated risk of hemorrhagic transformation after tPA therapy. Emerging data now suggest that some of these potentially neurotoxic side effects of tPA may be due to its signaling actions in the neurovasc...