this study was performed to explore the presence of heavy metals in some popular herbal medicines of the iranian market. primarily, this study was planned to do the task by the usp method. in the second step, those plants which contained more than 10 ppm of total heavy metals were analyzed by atomic absorption method. in this study, 43 popular herbal medicines were investigated according to the...

A chimeric toxic gene consisting of the diphtheria toxin A chain gene fused to a promoter previously shown to direct pistil- and anther-specific expression was used to genetically target cell killing in transgenic Arabidopsis. Flowers of Arabidopsis transformants that carried the toxic gene fusion had distinct structural defects. The papillar cells at the stigma surface were stunted and were bi...

Novel engineered nanoparticles (NPs), nanomaterial (NM) products and composites, are continually emerging worldwide. Many potential benefits are expected from their commercial applications; however, these benefits should always be balanced against risks. Potential toxic effects of NM exposure have been highlighted, but, as there is a lack of understanding about potential interactions of nanomat...

Functionalised carbon nanotubes are able to cross the cell membrane and to accumulate in the cytoplasm or reach the nucleus without being toxic for the cell up to 10 [micro sign]M.

Previous studies have identified a phenomenon in which the concentration-response curves (CRCs) for mixtures cross the curves for concentration addition model when predicting or judging joint toxic actions. However, mechanistic investigations of this phenomenon are extremely limited. In this study, a similar phenomenon was observed when we determined the joint toxic actions of sulfonamides (SAs...

This work reveals that furfural and 2-thenaldehyde can readily react with melamine via "one-step" polycondensation to yield hyper-cross-linked sulfur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-rich microporous polyaminals with promising applications in adsorption of gases and toxic organic vapors.