I discuss eight theses espoused or occasioned by Toulmin: (1) The validity standard is nearly always the wrong standard for real-life reasoning. (2) Little in good reasoning is topic neutral. (3) The probability calculus distorts much probabilistic reasoning. (4) Scant resources have a benign influence on human reasoning. (5) Theoretical progress and conceptual change are connected. (6) Logic s...

The Toulmin diagram layout is very familiar and widely used, particularly in the teaching of critical thinking skills. The conventional box-and-arrow diagram is equally familiar and widespread. Translation between the two throws up a number of interesting challenges. Some of these challenges (such as the relationship between Toulmin warrants and their counterparts in traditional diagrams) repre...

Argumentation is the process of supporting claims with grounds and defending them against attack. In the last decades argumentation has become an important topic in philosophy and artificial intelligence. In philosophy, the criticisms of Toulmin and Perelman of formal logic in the 1950s and 1960s gave rise to the field of informal logic, which studies informal models of reasoning and argumentat...

Considering the paramount importance of writing logical arguments for college students, this study investigated the effect of dynamic assessment (DA) of Toulmin model through teacher- and collective-scaffolding on argument structure and overall quality of argumentative essays of Iranian EFL university learners. In so doing, 45 male and female Iranian EFL learners taking part in the study were r...

The role of arguments in solving mathematical problems is very important. Students must use valid and concepts that have been learned the Probability Theory material to build their arguments. An argument can be analyzed using Toulmin scheme. Therefore, purpose this study describe built based on Argumentation Model. instrument used collect data a test question related material. Of 32 students wh...

The paper compares three debates form different times and areas: the foundational debate within IS in 1980s (represented by books by Winograd & Flores, Ehn, and Nurminen), and the current debates in Design Research (represented by Buchanan) and in practical philosophy (represented by Toulmin). It is found that in the core of the two first debates is the question of the nature of the knowledge u...

Abstract Digital media have become increasingly important in recent years and can offer new possibilities for mathematics education elementary schools. From our point of view, geometry geometric objects seem to be suitable the use computer-aided design software classes. Based on example Tinkercad, CAD — a challenging context schools is discussed within approach domains subjective experience Tou...

Although mobile computing is getting popular but shopping with mobile devices does not follow the trend. The fundamental reason is the transaction security. Following Model of Argument by Toulmin and Persuasion Principles by Cialdini, we proposed the Trust Transference Facilitator (TTF) to convince users that the mobile shopping is secure. Similar mechanism has been proven to be effective and t...

This paper proposes an argument framework for the teaching of null hypothesis statistical testing and its application in support of research. Elements of the Toulmin (1958) model of argument are used to illustrate the use of p values and Type I and Type II error rates in support of claims about statistical parameters and subject matter research constructs. By viewing the application of null hyp...