For many years, chemotherapists have sought the touchstone which would turn lead into gold, the magic bullet of Ehrlich which would go directly to the target without harming normal cells. There have been many approaches to this goal, but in essence there have been two main philosophies. One is that you should find the basic biochemical differences between the target and the host, whether the ta...

T he doctrine of human rights has come to play a distinctive role in international life. This is primarily the role of a moral touchstone—a standard of assessment and criticism for domestic institutions, a standard of aspiration for their reform, and increasingly a standard of evaluation for the policies and practices of international economic and political institutions. International practice ...

This paper argues that, for a prospective philosophical analysis of models and simulations to be successful, it must accommodate an account of mathematically rigorous results. Such rigorous results are best thought of as genuinely model-specific contributions, which can neither be deduced from fundamental theory nor inferred from empirical data. Rigorous results often provide new indirect ways ...

The story of patient self-determination cannot be told without the Nuremberg trials. Patient autonomy was the first criterion enunciated by the Nuremberg judges and has served as a touchstone for human subject research and patient care ever since. Yet this ideal was in an important sense irrelevant at the moment it was originally proclaimed.

In this paper we consider three frequently arising communication operations, onc-to-all, all-to-onc, and all-to-all. We describe architecture-independent solutions for each operation, as well as solutions tailored towards the mesh architecture. We show how the relationship among the parameters of a parallel machine and the relationship of these parameters to the message size determines the best...

Since the early twentieth century, the Supreme Court has interpreted the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment as a progressive mandate that draws its meaning from “the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society.” In applying this standard, the Court looks to such objective considerations as legislative enactments, patterns of jury dec...