The first total synthesis of (+/-)-chartelline C in a concise 10-step sequence is reported. Highlights of the completion of this decades-old puzzle include (1) chemo- and position-selective installation of the heteroaromatic halogens, (2) halogen-sparing monoreduction of an alkyne linker, (3) a simple strategy for placement of the sensitive beta-chloroenamide, (4) an unusually facile thermolysi...

  Partially fed (4 -5 days) H .a. anatolicum (Iranian isolate) female adult ticks were used for preparation of antigens of midgut which are, the gut supernate antigen (GS), gut membrane antigen (GM), triton extracted gut membrane antigen ( TX-GM ) and sodium dodecyl sulphate treated Triton extracted gut membrane antigen (SDS-TX-GM). The New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with GS, GM, TX- ...

It is technologically important to understand how halogens react with semiconductor surfaces because halogen compounds are commonly used to etch semiconductor wafers in the microelectronics industry. Halogens are also model adsorbates for studying chemisorption on covalently bonded materials, such as semiconductors, owing to the simple nature of the bonds that they form. The growing use of III-...

Extreme toxicity, corrosiveness, and volatility pose serious challenges for the safe storage and transportation of elemental chlorine and bromine, which play critical roles in the chemical industry. Solid materials capable of forming stable nonvolatile compounds upon reaction with elemental halogens may partially mitigate these challenges by allowing safe halogen release on demand. Here we demo...

Extreme toxicity, corrosiveness, and volatility pose serious challenges for the safe storage and transportation of elemental chlorine and bromine, which play critical roles in the chemical industry. Solid materials capable of forming stable nonvolatile compounds upon reaction with elemental halogens may partially mitigate these challenges by allowing safe halogen release on demand. Here we demo...

The quantity To is of the order of a lattice vibration period, that is, -10 1 2 sec. (Steiner 1 and Gyftopoulos have recently reported theoretical estimates of the desorption energies of halogen atoms on (110) tungsten, the values being 4. 49 eV for F, 3. 53 eV for Cl, 2.94 eV for Br, and 2.45 eV for I.) Equation 1 is plotted in Fig. IX-l for T = X 10 1 2 se and several values of E d . It can b...

Halogens are present in a significant number of drugs, contributing favorably to ligand-protein binding. Currently, the contribution of halogens, most notably chlorine and bromine, is largely attributed to halogen bonds involving favorable interactions with hydrogen bond acceptors. However, we show that halogens acting as hydrogen bond acceptors potentially make a more favorable contribution to...

Let TX be the full transformation semigroups on the set X. For an equivalence E on X, let TE(X) = {α ∈ TX : ∀(x, y) ∈ E ⇔ (xα, yα) ∈ E}It is known that TE(X) is a subsemigroup of TX. In this paper, we discussthe Green's *-relations, certain *-ideal and certain Rees quotient semigroup for TE(X).

The oxygen reduction reaction is one of the most important chemical processes in energy converting systems and living organisms. Mediator-less, direct electro-catalytic reduction of oxygen to water was achieved on spectrographite electrodes modified by physical adsorption of bilirubin oxidases from Myrothecium verrucaria. The existence of an alternative resting form of the enzyme is validated. ...