Spatio-temporal evolution of a small localized meander on a Gulf Stream-type baroclinically unstable jet over a topographic slope is investigated numerically using a threedimensional, primitive equation model. An unperturbed jet is prescribed by a potential vorticity front in the upper thermocline overlaying intermediate layers with weak isentropic potential vorticity gradients and a quiscent b...

Nonlinear quasigeostrophic flows in two layers over a topographic slope are considered. Scaling the lower layer potential vorticity equation yields two parameters which indicate the degree of nonlinearity in the lower layer. The first, u' (the strength of the deep flow divided by the product of the effective bottom slope and the squared length scale), is related to the advection of relative vor...

PURPOSE To assess relationships between structural and functional biomarkers, including new topographic measures of visual field sensitivity, in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS Spectral domain optical coherence tomography line scans and hill of vision (HOV) sensitivity surfaces from full-field standard automated perimetry were semi-automatically aligned for 60 e...

Forest modeling applications that cover large geographic areas can benefit from the use of widely-held knowledge about relationships between forest attributes and topographic variables. A noteworthy example involves the coupling of field survey data from the Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) program of USDA Forest Service with digital elevation model (DEM) data in attempts to explain how topograp...

A series of soil conservation measures have been carried out to reduce soil loss on the Loess Plateau of China since 1950s, and the biologic measures were implemented according to topographic factors such as slope and elevation; therefore, the changes in topographic factors of land use can indicate the effects of the biologic measures. The objectives of this study were to (i) analyze the land u...

A frequency-domain parametric study using generalized consistent transmitting boundaries has been performed to evaluate the significance of topographic effects on the seismic response of steep slopes. The results show that the peak amplification of motion at the crest of a slope occurs at a normalized frequency 1t/2 = 0.2, where H is the slope height and 2 is the wavelength of the motion. The i...

soil and land information is vital for land use planning and infrastructure development. maps of soils landscapes are powerful tools to guide sustainable planning and natural resource management. fuzzy set theory has been widely used in soil science for soil classification and mapping, land evaluation, fuzzy soil geostatistics, soil quality indices. in fuzzy logic-based approaches, soil spatial...

An integrated sequence of multivariate techniques was applied to the vegetation of the western Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Included in the sequence were hierarchial classification, detrended correspondence analysis and multiple discriminant analysis. Based on the importance of landform in previous research, a system of topographical quantification was developed and also used in the cla...