forty-nine preserved specimens (31 male and 18 female) of trachylepis aurata transcaucsasica were examined with respect to metric and meristic features and dry skull anatomy to assess sexual dimorphism. thirty-one morphological characters and 36 anatomical characters in dry skulls were examined. subdigital lamellae under the forth toe, neck length, neck length/snout vent length, and six skull c...

The trajectory of the heel and toe during the swing phase of human gait were analyzed on young adults. The magnitude and variability of minimum toe clearance and heel-contact velocity were documented on 10 repeat walking trials on 11 subjects. The energetics that controlled step length resulted from a separate study of 55 walking trials conducted on subjects walking at slow, natural, and fast c...

INTRODUCTION Traumatic loss of thumb at the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint level is very disabling to an individual. Pollicisation is the recommended technique of reconstruction for loss of thumb at this level. On occasions, injury to the rest of the hand or amputation of additional fingers may make pollicisation an impossible option. Microsurgical transfer of second toe is an option in such situa...

Objective The hand is a body part which is constantly in view thus the second toe-to-thumb transfer needs to be aesthetically pleasing. Our study measures the absolute values of second toes, big toes, thumbs and their nails with regards to their width, length and circumference and analyses the ratios of between these relative values. With this anatomical data we intend to discover a way to enha...

[Purpose] Physical development, foot morphology, and toe contact of children aged 3 to 5 years were assessed in order to investigate the relationships between body and foot morphology and the incidence of the condition known as "floating toe". [Subjects] A total of 198 children, aged 3 to 5 years old, participated in this study. [Methods] Height and weight were measured for body morphology, and...

INTRODUCTION Frequently, toe walking gait is the result of disease processes, trauma or neurogenic influences. Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is, by definition, the diagnosis of a toe walking gait adopted in the absence of one of these medical conditions. Long-term ITW has been associated with reduced ankle range of motion. Reported treatments have included serial casting, Botulinum toxin type A ...

PURPOSE Vascularized bone transplants resist infection and allow rapid healing but keeping small bony segments vascularized, as needed for a finger defect, is a challenge. The purpose of this article is to present a cohort of patients with traumatic intercalated compound bony defects in the fingers that were reconstructed by a vascularized toe phalanx (or part of a phalanx) in a single stage. ...

and Implications The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of excessive toe growth, hoof cracks in the outer hoof wall, and length difference between the inside and outside toe of the hoof on sow behavior in mid-lactation. Sows were classified into three treatment groups and one control group. The treatment groups were 1) presence of cracks in the outer hoof wall 2) length differe...